Exam (elaborations)
NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM 2
- Course
- Institution
NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM 2/NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM 2/NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM 2
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Ultimatenurse
Reviews received
Content preview
NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS EXAM 2
NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS EXAM 2
• What are the basic mechanisms by which neuropharmocologic agents act?
o Can modify the disease process
o Act at the sites of actions which is the axons versus synapses and steps in synaptic
transmission and effects of drugs on the steps of synaptic transmission
• Transmittter synthesis is the first step in transmission. What are the other 4 steps?
o Transmitter storage, transmitter release, receptor binding, and termination of the
transmission
• True or False: Neuropharmacologic drugs have high selectivity.
o True—the nervous system uses many different receptor types
• Information needed:
o Type of receptors—through which the drug acts
▪ Alpha and beta
o Normal responses to the activation of those receptors
▪ Agonists vs. antagonists
o What the drug in questions does to the receptor function
• What are the 3 functions of ANS?
o Regulates the heart
o Regulates the secretory glands, saliva glands, gastric, sweat, and bronchial
o It regulates smooth muscles: bronchi, blood vessels, urogenital system, and the GI tract
• What are the regulatory functions of the parasympathetic NS?
o Seven regulatory functions
▪ Slowing the heart rate
▪ Increasing the gastric secretions
▪ Emptying the bladder
▪ Emptying the bowel
▪ Focusing the eye for near vision,
▪ Constricting the pupil
▪ Contracting the bronchial smooth muscle
o It also regulates the digestion of food, excretion of waste, control of vision and
conservation of energy
• What are the functions of the sympathetic NS?
o Regulation of the cardiovascular system
▪ Maintaining blood flow to the brain
▪ Redistributing blood and compensating for the loss of blood
o Regulation of body temperature
▪ Regulates blood flow to the skin
▪ Promotes the secretion of sweat
▪ Induces piloerection (erection of the hair)
1
, NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS EXAM 2
o Implementation of the fight or flight reaction
▪ Increase HR and BP
▪ Blood shuts away from the skin and visera
▪ Bronchi dilate
2
, NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS EXAM 2
▪ Pupils dilate
▪ Use energy that had been stored
• What is the baroreceptor reflex?
o The receptors near the heart monitor BP changes and send the information to the brain
o The brain then activates the Autonomic NS to restore blood pressure to normal
o When BP falls, this reflex causes vasoconstriction and increases cardiac output.
o When BP rises, it causes vasodilation and reduces cardiac output
• Where is acetylcholine employed?
o Most junctions at the peripheral nervous system
• Where is epinephrine and norepinephrine released?
o Norepinephrine—postganglionic neurons
o Epinephrine—adrenal medulla
• What are the cholinergic receptors mediated by? What are the subtypes?
o Receptors that mediate responses to acetylcholine
o Subtypes:
▪ Nicotinic
▪ Muscarinic
• Whare are adrenergic receptors mediated by? What are the subtypes?
o Mediate responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine
o Subtypes:
▪ Alphas
▪ Betas
▪ Dopamine
• What are the functions of each adrenergic subtype?
o Alpha 1—vasoconstriction, ejaculation and contraction of the bladder neck, and prostate
o Alpha 2—(located in presynaptic junction)—minimal clinical significance
o Beta 1—control the heart
▪ Increase HR, increase force of contraction and velocity of conduction in the AV
node; stimulate renin released in the kidney
o Beta 2—bronchial dilation, relaxation of the uterine muscle, vasodilation, glycogenolysis
o Dopamine—dilates renal blood vessels
• Epinephrine can activate all alpha and beta receptors but not dopamine receptors
• Norepinephrine can activate alpha1, alpha2, and beta receptors but not beta2 or dopamine
receptors
• Dopamine can activate alpha1, beta1 and dopamine receptors
• Muscarinic agonists mimic the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors
• Muscarinic antagonists selectively blood the effects of acetylcholine (and other muscarinic
agonists) at muscarinic receptors
• What are therapeutic uses of Bethanechol?
o Urinary retention
o Investigational GI uses—off label GI reflux
• What are actions on smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and eye?
o Smooth muscle—
3
, NUR 5334 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS EXAM 2
▪ lung by causing constriction of the bronchi
▪ the GI system by increasing tone and motility
▪ the bladder by contraction of the detrusor muscle
▪ relaxation of the trigone and sphincter
o Exocrine glands—increased sweating salivation, bronchial secretions and secretion of
gastric acid
o Eye—causes miosis and contraction of the ciliary muscle
• Adverse Effects?
o Hypotension
o Abdominal cramps
o Diarrhea
o Increased salivation
o Exacerbate asthma
o Can cause dysrhythmias in patients with hyperthyroidism
• What are cevimeline, pilocarpine, and acetylcholine used for?
o Cevimeline—treat dry mouth and Sjogren’s syndrome
o Pilocarpine—topical treatment of glaucoma as well as dry mouth from Sjogren’s
syndrome
o Acetylcholine—rapid myosis after delivery and cataract surgery
• Anticholinergics
o Competitively block the actions of acetylcholine as muscarinic receptors
o Most muscarinic receptors are on structures innervated by parasympathetic nerves
o Also known as parasympatholytic drugs, antimuscarinic drugs, muscarinic blockers, and
anticholinergic drugs
o Anticholinergic drugs: produce selective blockade of the muscarinic receptors (not all
cholinergic receptors)
o Can’t pee, see, spit or shit
• What are the pharmacologic effects of atropine?
o The heart—increases in rate
o The exocrine glands—decrease secretions
o Smooth muscle—relaxes the bronchi, decreases the tone of the urinary bladder detrusor
and decreases the tone motility of the GI tract
o Mydriasis and cycloplegia in the eyes
o Mild excitation to hallucinations and delirium in the Central Nervous system
• Therapeutic Uses of Atropine?
o Pre-anesthetic medication to help dry up secretions
o Disorders of the eye
o In codes for bradycardia, intestinal hypertonicity and hypermotility
o Muscarinic agonist poisoning
o Peptic ulcer disease
o Asthma
o Biliary colic
• Side effects of Atropine
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Ultimatenurse. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73314 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now