NUR 2063/NR2063: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK 2021(100% CORRECT ANSWERS)-RASMUSSEN COLLEGE
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Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
a. pancreatic -cell destruction.
b. lack of insulin receptors.
c. lack of exercise and chronic ...
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NUR 2063/NR2063: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK 2021(100% CORRECT ANSWERS)-RASMUSSEN COLLEGE
Chapter 41: Diabetes Mellitus
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
a. pancreatic β-cell destruction.
b. lack of insulin receptors.
c. lack of exercise and chronic overeating.
d. impaired glucose transport into cells.
ANS: A
By definition, type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the β cells of the pancreas.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency, and thus glucose
cannot enter muscle and adipose tissue. Type 1 diabetes is unrelated to lack of exercise and
chronic overeating. In type 1 diabetes, production of glucose by the liver is no longer opposed
by insulin.
REF: Pg. 821
2. Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
a. increased active transport of glucose into the cell.
b. glycogen breakdown within target cells.
c. increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
d. gluconeogenesis.
ANS: C
The plasma membranes of cells are permeable to glucose, and the diffusion of glucose into
some cells is controlled by glucose transporters. Activated glucose transporters translocate to
the cell membrane to facilitate diffusion of glucose. Glycogen breakdown does not occur
when insulin binds to its receptor on target cells. Gluconeogenesis is not the result of insulin
binding to target cells.
REF: Pg. 817
3. A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
a. acetone breath.
b. warm, dry skin.
c. tremors.
d. hyperventilation.
ANS: C
Tremors are a sign of hypoglycemia. Acetone breath is not a sign of hypoglycemia.
Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) is a sign of hypoglycemia. Hyperventilation does not
indicate hypoglycemia.
REF: Pg. 831
4. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
a. nonketotic hyperosmolality.
, b. childhood.
c. autoimmune destruction of the pancreas.
d. ketoacidosis.
ANS: A
More common in type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in older individuals, is nonketotic
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome characterized by severe hyperglycemia with no or
slight ketosis and striking dehydration. Type 1 diabetes is seen more in childhood than type 2.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin. Ketoacidosis is found in type 1 diabetes.
REF: Pg. 827
5. What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients
with diabetes mellitus?
a. Blood glucose levels
b. Urine glucose levels
c. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA 1c )
d. Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia
ANS: C
HbA 1c values are used clinically to estimate long-term control and to set and evaluate
therapeutic goals. Monitoring of blood glucose levels is useful for monitoring short-term
glycemic control. The blood glucose level at which glucose is measurable in the urine, the
glycemic threshold, varies from individual to individual, is usually unacceptably high, and
cannot be used to establish the presence of hypoglycemia. Clinical manifestations of
hyperglycemia are not a useful method of evaluating long-term glucose management.
REF: Pg. 833
6. Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from
a. decreased myoinositol transport.
b. elevated HbA 1c .
c. deficient neuronal insulin receptors.
d. neuronal demyelination.
ANS: A
Glucose appears to compete with myoinositol in transport into the cell. Degradation of
glucose to sorbitol and fructose (the polyol pathway) occurs in the nerves in the presence of
hyperglycemia and insulinopenia. Elevated HbA 1c is not associated with diabetic neuropathy.
Deficient neuronal insulin receptors are not responsible for neuropathy. Focal ischemic
lesions of the nerves may have a role in diabetic neuropathy.
REF: Pg. 828
7. A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
a. NPH.
b. Semilente.
c. regular.
d. Ultralente.
ANS: C
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