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Mathématiques - Chapitre 1 "Fonction D'une Variable" - S1L1 $6.44
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Mathématiques - Chapitre 1 "Fonction D'une Variable" - S1L1

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Dans ce fichier vous y trouverez tout le contenu du cours de Mathématiques sur le Chapitre 1. Avec toutes les notions, calculs, théorèmes, ou encore des exemples pour approfondir les notions.

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  • August 3, 2022
  • 13
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Gilly maxime
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CHAPITRE 1
FONCTIONS D’UNE VARIABLE

OBJECTIFS : Savoir étudier une fonction pour faire de l’économie
- Trouver le sens de variations (↗ ; ↘)
- Les limites pour étudier le comportement à long terme.
- Optimiser (maximiser ou minimiser)

I. RAPPELS SUR LES DÉRIVÉES

1) Calcul des dérivées et applications.

Fonction f Dérivée f’ Intervalle
C (C ∈ R) 0 ℝ
X 1 ℝ
X2 2x ℝ
X3 3x2 ℝ
Xn Nxn-1 ℝ
1 1 ]0, +∞ [ou]-∞, 0[
− !
𝑥 𝑥
√𝑥 1 ]-∞, 0[
2√𝑥
ex ex ]0, +∞[
ln(x) 1 ]0, +∞[
𝑥

- Operations sur les dérivées
U+V U’ + V’ à X2 + ex = 2x + ex
U-V U’ - V’
KU (K∈R) KU’
U*V U’V +V’U
𝑈 𝑈"𝑉 − 𝑉 "𝑈
𝑉 𝑉!
1 −𝑉 "
𝑉 𝑉!
eu U’eu
ln(U) 𝑈"
𝑈
√𝑈 𝑈"
2√𝑈
EXEMPLES :

𝑓(𝑥) = 3x # − 4𝑥 ! + 12
𝑓 "(%) = 3 × 3x ! − 4 × 2x + 0
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 9x ! − 8𝑥


𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 1)𝑒 #%
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 2𝑒 #% + 3𝑒 #% × (2𝑥 + 1)
𝑓 " (𝑥) = 𝑒 #% =2 + 3(2𝑥 + 1)>
𝑒 #% (2 + 6𝑥 + 3)
𝑒 #% (6𝑥 + 5)
U = 2x + 1 V = e3x
U’ = 2 V’ = 3e3x

, 2) Dérivée seconde et convexité

DÉFINITION :
!! "
La dérivée seconde : la dérivée de la dérivée. On la note f’’ ou
!# !
• f est convexe si f’’ ≥ 0
• f est concave si f’’ ≤ 0

PROPRIÉTÉ :
• Si f est convexe, sa courbe est orientée vers le haut.




• Si f est concave, sa courbe est orientée vers le bas.




II. LIMITE D’UNE FONCTION

EXEMPLE :
'%(#
Bénéfice : 𝐵(𝑥) = %
% ! ()
Cout de production : 𝐶 (𝑥) = !%
X est une quantité produite.

Q°) Quelle est l’évolution à long terme ?

x 1 2 10 50 100 5000
𝐵(𝑥) 1 2,5 3,7 3,94 3,97 3,99
𝐶(𝑥) 0 0,75 4,95 24,99 49,99 250


lim 𝑐(𝑥) = +∞
%→-.
CONJECTURES :
lim 𝐵 (𝑥) = 4
%→⋈
lim 𝐶 (𝑥) = +∞
%→⋈

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