Lecture notes Endocrinology The Anterior Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamic Control (BI2BB4)
2 views 0 purchase
Course
Endocrinology (BI2BB4)
Institution
University Of Reading (UoR)
The second lecture in a series for the module Endocrinology. This lecture covers the basics of the anterior pituitary gland from it's connection to the hypothalamus, it's hormones, the HPA axis and more. A great way to start your understanding of the module or to miss a lecture or two.
L2 – The Anterior pituitary gland and its hypothalamic control
Keywords:
Parvocellular, adenohypophysis, sella turnica, rathke’s pouch, median eminence (connects
hypothalamus and pit, reg hormone release) microadenoma (<1cm),macroadenoma (>1cm),
meninges (connective tissue cover of brain and spinal cord),metabolic (food→energy), anabolism
(synth of complex molecules for storage of energy)
Lecture:
Hypothalamus controls body temp, circadian rhythm and appetite
o Depression via adrenocortical hypothalamus-anterior pit axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary system = final area in which all senses are
o Main interface between brain and periphery
o Organizes hormonal responses (internal/external)
o Pituitary gland = separate organ to brain (attached to hypothalamus via stalk)
Based in bone in cranium
Sella turcica/pituitary fossa = where pituitary gland sits in bone
Nonfunctioning adenomas
Histology:
Pituitary (0.5g)
Anterior = more vascularized
o Doubles in pregnancy and puberty
Anterior = larger, pink lobe and posterior = smaller, yellow lobe
o Tumors
Grown from Rathke’s pouch (up growth from roof of mouth) into sella
turnica/pituitary fossa
Remnants of Rathke’s pouch = fluid filled cysts = ↑ pressure in
pituitary fossa
↑ # of tumors bc ↑ hormone conc?
Upward tumor growth out of pit fossa = bitemporal hemianopia bc
compressed optic chiasm (bitemporal visual field loss bc crossing retinas)
Upper field lost first bc pressure comes from below
Treat w/↓ pressure on chiasm (radiotherapy)
Lateral extension into sinus can cause ophthalmoplegia (eye paralysis bc ↓
extraocular muscle movement)
Best imaged w/MRI
Headaches (bc obstruction to CSF drain and stretching of meninges)
Non benign = metastasis, meningioma and lymphoma
o No nerve fibers
o 5 types of secretory cell
Chromophobes (afraid of stain – no uptake - pale)
Undifferentiated cells
Chromophiles (red/purple staining)
Acidophils – take up acidic
o Somatotrophs (release GH)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller robbieseal. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.47. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
