Summary

Samenvatting Studie Van De Vertebraten

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Course
Studie Van De Vertebraten En Algemene Anatomie Van De Huisdieren (G000718A)

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Dit is een samenvatting van alle dieren die te kennen zijn in het cladogram en heel de classificatie. De te kennen diersoorten zijn vetgedrukt en bij elke groep staan specifieke kenmerken. Dit is verduidelijkt met aantekeningen, tekeningen en foto's.

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Uploaded on August 9, 2022
Number of pages 23
Written in 2020/2021
Type Summary

cladogram
vertebraten
anatomie
classificatie

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Education
Diergeneeskunde
Course
Studie Van De Vertebraten En Algemene Anatomie Van De Huisdieren (G000718A)

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Studie van de Vertebraten

Table of Contents
1. Inleiding tot de vertebraten ...................................................................................... 3
2. Chordata .................................................................................................................. 3
2.1. Notochord .................................................................................................................. 3
2.2. Dorsale Holle buis als centraal zenuwstelsel ................................................................. 4
2.3. Faryngeale zakjes of spleten ......................................................................................... 4
2.4. Postanale staart ........................................................................................................... 4
2.5. Endostyle of een schildklier .......................................................................................... 4
2.6. Overige typische kenmerken ........................................................................................ 5
................................................................................................................................................ 5
3. Niet-vertebrate Chordata ......................................................................................... 5
3.1. Cephalochordata ......................................................................................................... 5
3.2. Urochordata (tunicata) ................................................................................................ 5
3.2.1. Ascidiaceae (manteldieren of zakpijpen) ........................................................................................ 5
3.2.2. Thaliacea (Salpen) ........................................................................................................................... 6
3.2.3. Appendicularia (larvacea) ............................................................................................................... 6

4. Vertebraten .............................................................................................................. 7
4.1. Kenmerken vertebraten VS chordaten .......................................................................... 7
4.2. Duplicatie van de Hox cluster ...................................................................................... 7
4.3. Schedel en wervels (eerst kraakbenig) ......................................................................... 8
4.4. Complexeren zintuigen en gegevensverwerking ............................................................ 8
4.5. Verhoogde beweeglijkheid .......................................................................................... 8
4.6. Verteringsstelsel, ademhaling en circulatie ................................................................... 9
4.7. Gonaden en osmoregulatie .......................................................................................... 9
5. Vissen ..................................................................................................................... 10
5.1. Gnathostomata.......................................................................................................... 11
5.1.1. Kenmerken Gnathostomata ......................................................................................................... 11
5.1.2. Chondrichthyes ............................................................................................................................ 12
5.2. Teleostomi ................................................................................................................ 12
5.2.1. Actinopterygii ............................................................................................................................... 13
5.3. Sarcopterygii.............................................................................................................. 14
5.3.1. Coelacanthiformes ........................................................................................................................ 14
5.4. Dipnotetrapodomorpha ............................................................................................. 14
6. Tetrapoda .............................................................................................................. 15

,7. Amphibia ................................................................................................................ 15
7.1. Gymnophiona ........................................................................................................... 15
7.2. Caudata (superorde : Batrachia) ................................................................................. 15
7.3. Anura (superorde : Batrachia) .................................................................................... 16
8. Amniota.................................................................................................................. 16
9. Sauropsida ............................................................................................................. 16
10. Reptielen............................................................................................................. 16
10.1. Lepidosaura (Squamata) = schubreptielen .................................................................. 17
10.1.1. Gekkota ................................................................................................................................... 17
10.1.2. Lacertidae ................................................................................................................................ 17
10.1.3. Toxicofera ................................................................................................................................ 17
10.2. Archelosaura ............................................................................................................. 18
10.2.1. Testudines ................................................................................................................................ 18
10.2.2. Archosaura ............................................................................................................................... 18

11. Vogels (Aves) ...................................................................................................... 18
11.1. Typische kenmerken .................................................................................................. 18
11.1.1. Convergente evolutie: zoogdieren/ vogels .............................................................................. 19
11.2. Paleognaat vs Neognaat ............................................................................................. 19
11.3. Paleognathae ............................................................................................................. 19
11.4. Neognathae ............................................................................................................... 20
11.4.1. Galloanserae ............................................................................................................................ 20
11.4.2. Neoaves.................................................................................................................................... 20

12. Mammalia .......................................................................................................... 21
12.1. Prototheria = Monotremata ....................................................................................... 21
12.2. Theria ........................................................................................................................ 21
12.2.1. Metatheria = Marsupialia ........................................................................................................ 21
12.2.2. Eutheria = Placentalia .............................................................................................................. 22

, 1. Inleiding tot de vertebraten
❖ Metazoa: dieren

❖ Bilateria
➢ Tweezijdig symmetrisch
➢ 3 embryonale cellagen : endoderm, ectoderm en mesoderm

❖ Deuterostomia
▪ Chordata
• Vertebrata

2. Chordata
Kenmerken
1. Notochord
2. Holle neuraalbuis
3. Pharyngeale zakken (kiewspleten)
4. Postanale staart
5. Endostyle (later schildklier)

2.1. Notochord

❖ Dorsaal
❖ Rigide, semi-elastische staaf
❖ Ondersteuning
❖ Aanhechting spieren
❖ Undulerende beweging = golvende beweging

Bij huidige vertebraten:
❖ Belangrijk in alle embryonale/ larvale stadia
❖ Kan vervangen worden (vertebrata) of verdwijnen (urochordata) bij aannemen
adulte levensvorm

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