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Samenvatting Celbiologie (G000713A)
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Dit is enkel het deel van celbiologie dat is samengevat, niet het deel algemene weefselleer.
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Celbiologie & Algemene WeefselleerTable of Contents
1. Inleiding..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Microscopie ............................................................................................................... 5
2.1. Eenheden ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Optische principes .......................................................................................................... 5
2.3. De Lichtmicroscoop ....................................................................................................... 6
Gewone lichtmicroscoop .............................................................................................................................. 6
Fasencontrast microscopie........................................................................................................................... 6
Polarisatiemicroscopie ................................................................................................................................. 7
Fluorescentiemicroscopie ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.4. Elektronenmicroscoop ................................................................................................... 8
Transmissie elektronenmicroscoop (TEM) ................................................................................................... 8
Scanning elektronenmicroscoop (SEM)........................................................................................................ 8
2.5. Methodologie ................................................................................................................ 9
Paraffinemethode ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Vriesmethode ............................................................................................................................................. 10
2.6. Disciplines in histologisch onderzoek............................................................................ 10
Overzichtskleuringen .................................................................................................................................. 10
Speciale kleuringen .................................................................................................................................... 10
Argentaffien – argyrofiel ............................................................................................................................ 10
Metachromasie – orthochromasie ............................................................................................................. 10
Histochemie ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Immunohistologie ...................................................................................................................................... 11
3. Algemene structuur van de cel ................................................................................. 11
3.1. Optische waarneming .................................................................................................. 11
3.2. Structuur van de cel ..................................................................................................... 11
3.3. Specialisatie van de cel ................................................................................................. 13
4. Membraanstructuren ............................................................................................... 14
4.1. Celmembraan............................................................................................................... 14
3 soorten vetten ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Eiwitten ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Functies celmembraan ............................................................................................................................... 17
4.2. Celmantel (= cell-coat, glycocalyx) ................................................................................ 17
Functies ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3. Oppervlaktetoename ................................................................................................... 18
Gestreepte zoom ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Borstelzoom ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Stereociliën................................................................................................................................................. 18
Microvilli ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Basale instulpingen .................................................................................................................................... 18
Intracellulaire kanaaltjes/ apicale instulpingen.......................................................................................... 18
4.4. Tijdelijke membraanmodificaties ................................................................................. 18
, Endocytose ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Exocytose ................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.5. Beweging ..................................................................................................................... 20
5. Nucleus (=kern, karyon) ........................................................................................... 20
5.1. Celcyclus ...................................................................................................................... 20
Uitwendige controle ................................................................................................................................... 21
Inwendige controle .................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2. Celdeling ...................................................................................................................... 22
Mitose = somatische deling ........................................................................................................................ 22
Meiose = rijpingsdeling .............................................................................................................................. 23
5.3. Detail kernporie ........................................................................................................... 24
5.4. Chromatine interfase ................................................................................................... 25
5.5. Heterochromatine VS Euchromatine ............................................................................ 25
5.6. Karyotype .................................................................................................................... 25
5.7. Nucleolus ..................................................................................................................... 26
6. Ribosomen ............................................................................................................... 26
6.1. Samenstelling............................................................................................................... 26
6.2. Functie & voorkomen ................................................................................................... 26
Transcriptie................................................................................................................................................. 26
Translatie .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Afbraak eiwitten ......................................................................................................................................... 27
7. Endoplasmatisch Reticulum ..................................................................................... 27
7.1. Functies RER................................................................................................................. 28
7.2. Functies GER ................................................................................................................ 28
8. Golgi Complex .......................................................................................................... 28
8.1. Werking ....................................................................................................................... 28
Synthese glycoproteïnen ............................................................................................................................ 28
9. Endosomen .............................................................................................................. 29
9.1. Modellen ..................................................................................................................... 29
9.2. Functie ......................................................................................................................... 29
Verschillende mogelijkheden ..................................................................................................................... 30
10. Lysosomen ........................................................................................................... 30
10.1. Functies ....................................................................................................................... 31
10.2. Disfuncties ................................................................................................................... 32
Stapelingsziekte .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Schadelijke stoffen ..................................................................................................................................... 32
11. Peroxisomen ........................................................................................................ 32
11.1. Werking ....................................................................................................................... 32
11.2. Morfologie ................................................................................................................... 33
11.3. Functies ....................................................................................................................... 33
,12. Mitochondriën ..................................................................................................... 33
12.1. Morfologie ................................................................................................................... 33
12.2. Functie ......................................................................................................................... 34
Metabole processen ................................................................................................................................... 34
Stapeling bivalent ionen, van kleurstof en ferritine ................................................................................... 34
12.3. Oorsprong .................................................................................................................... 34
12.4. Replicatie ..................................................................................................................... 34
13. Cytoskelet ............................................................................................................ 35
13.1. Functies ....................................................................................................................... 35
13.2. Classificatie obv doorsnede .......................................................................................... 35
13.3. Bindingsproteïnen geassocieerd met cytoskelet ........................................................... 35
13.4. Microfilamenten = actine filamenten ........................................................................... 35
Gel-achtig netwerk ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Parallele bundels ........................................................................................................................................ 36
Contractiele bundels .................................................................................................................................. 36
Functie ........................................................................................................................................................ 36
13.5. Intermediaire filamenten ............................................................................................. 36
Functies ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
Classificatie ................................................................................................................................................. 37
13.6. Microtubuli .................................................................................................................. 38
Opbouw microtubuli .................................................................................................................................. 39
Microtubuli motoreiwitten......................................................................................................................... 39
Microtubuli-geassocieerde proteïnes (MAP’s) ........................................................................................... 39
Centriolen (= groepering microtubuli)........................................................................................................ 40
Cilium.......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Flagellen ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
14. Celinclusie – paraplasma ...................................................................................... 41
14.1. Secretorische activiteit ................................................................................................. 41
Aantoonbaar .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Moeilijk aantoonbaar ................................................................................................................................. 41
Niet aantoonbaar ....................................................................................................................................... 41
14.2. Reservemateriaal ......................................................................................................... 41
Glycogeen ................................................................................................................................................... 41
Vetvacuolen................................................................................................................................................ 41
Eiwitstapeling ............................................................................................................................................. 42
14.3. Pigmentinclusies .......................................................................................................... 42
Endogene pigmenten ................................................................................................................................. 42
Exogene pigmenten.................................................................................................................................... 43
15. Celdood ................................................................................................................ 43
15.1. Morfologische kenmerken ........................................................................................... 43
15.2. Apoptose ..................................................................................................................... 43
15.3. Necrose ........................................................................................................................ 44
15.4. Genetische basis van celdood ....................................................................................... 44
Caspasen .................................................................................................................................................... 44
, Receptor-gemedieerde celdood (extrensieke apoptose) ........................................................................... 44
.................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Mitochondriaal-gemedieerd ...................................................................................................................... 45
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