Samenvatting van OPO Ontwikkelingsstoornissen gegeven door E. Desmet ()
Volgende onderdelen komen in dit deel van de samenvatting aan bod:
* Inleiding
- verstoorde ontwikkeling
- ontwikkelingsstoornissen van naderbij bekeken
* ASS (autismespectrumstoornis)
! ADHD en STOS komen in ...
Van E. Desmet
------------------------
Vives Kortrijk
Toepaste
Psychologie
2021
-
2022
1
,1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 5
2. Verstoorde ontwikkeling .................................................................................................................... 6
A) Risicofactoren ................................................................................................................................. 6
1. Risicofactoren op kindniveau → aanleg en rijping ..................................................................... 6
Aanleg ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Zwangerschaps- en/of geboortecomplicatie ................................................................................. 8
Prematuriteit en dysmaturiteit ...................................................................................................... 8
2. Risicofactoren op omgevingsniveau ........................................................................................... 9
Ingrijpende gebeurtenissen............................................................................................................ 9
Levensgeschiedenis ........................................................................................................................ 9
Opvoedingsgedrag van de ouders → 2 dimensies (ondersteuning en controle) .......................... 9
SES (Sociaal Economische Status)................................................................................................. 10
Schoolomgeving ........................................................................................................................... 10
Cultuur .......................................................................................................................................... 10
B) Beschermende factoren ............................................................................................................... 10
1. Beschermingsfactoren op kindniveau ...................................................................................... 10
Intelligentie................................................................................................................................... 10
Resilience = mentale veerkracht .................................................................................................. 10
2. Beschermingsfactoren op omgevingsniveau............................................................................ 10
C) Effecten van risico- en beschermingsfactoren ............................................................................. 11
D) De verwerking van een stoornis of belemmering ........................................................................ 11
3. Ontwikkelingsstoornissen van naderbij bekeken ............................................................................. 12
A) Diagnostiek van ontwikkelingsstoornissen .................................................................................. 12
1. Algemeen.................................................................................................................................. 12
2. Aandachtspunten ..................................................................................................................... 13
Comorbiditeit en dubbeldiagnose ................................................................................................ 13
Differentieeldiagnose ................................................................................................................... 13
Prevalentie van bepaalde ontwikkelingsstoornissen gestegen → verklaringen
(overdiagnosticering) ................................................................................................................... 13
Onderdiagnosticering ................................................................................................................... 13
B) Begeleidingsmogelijkheden van ontwikkelingsstoornissen ......................................................... 14
1. Psycho-educatie ....................................................................................................................... 14
2. Vaardigheidstraining of functietraining ................................................................................... 14
3. Psycho(sociale) individuele begeleiding ................................................................................... 14
4. Farmacotherapie ...................................................................................................................... 14
5. Aanpassing van de context ....................................................................................................... 14
2
, 4. Autismespectrumstoornis (ASS) ....................................................................................................... 15
A) Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................ 15
B) Historiek ....................................................................................................................................... 15
C) Hoofdkenmerken.......................................................................................................................... 15
1. Ernstige en aanhoudende problemen met de wederkerige social communicatie en interactie
16
Gefixeerde interesses en repetitieve gedragingen .......................................................................... 17
Gefixeerde interesses ................................................................................................................... 17
Repetitieve gedragingen .............................................................................................................. 17
2. Andere gedragskenmerken ...................................................................................................... 17
3. Sterktes ..................................................................................................................................... 18
4. ASS bij meisjes .......................................................................................................................... 18
5. Etiologie .................................................................................................................................... 18
Neurobiologisch onderzoek ......................................................................................................... 18
Genetisch onderzoek .................................................................................................................... 18
Besluit ........................................................................................................................................... 18
6. Prevalentie................................................................................................................................ 19
7. Differentiaaldiagnose ............................................................................................................... 19
Hechtingsstoornis ......................................................................................................................... 19
STOS .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Defecten van zintuigen ................................................................................................................. 19
Verstandelijke beperking.............................................................................................................. 19
Andere .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Besluit ........................................................................................................................................... 19
8. Theorieën ................................................................................................................................. 20
Theory of Mind ............................................................................................................................. 20
Executieve functies ....................................................................................................................... 20
Centrale coherentie ...................................................................................................................... 20
Contextblindheid .......................................................................................................................... 21
Voorspellende brein ..................................................................................................................... 21
9. Omgevingsinvloeden ................................................................................................................ 22
10. Risico- en beschermingsfactoren ......................................................................................... 22
11. Diagnostiek ........................................................................................................................... 22
Belang van vroegdiagnostiek........................................................................................................ 22
Diagnostiek algemeen .................................................................................................................. 23
Procedure ..................................................................................................................................... 23
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