Summary
Summary of Global Security
- Course
- Institution
Summary of Global Security
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
bellakim
Content preview
1. Comment23 March 2021 at 17:40:26
Wolfers
2. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:44:14
Buzan
3. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:44:21
Gallie
4. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:42:56
Booth
Part 1 - Introduction
5. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:48:42
1 Security: absence of (fear of) threats to acquired values
E.g. economic, social,
2 3 • Political/contested → dispute about proper use
environmental threats
• Language as valuable tool (creates urgency, provokes response)
• Broadening definition:
6. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:54:05 4 • Emancipation: freedom from physical/human constraints on free will
Lindsay • “Survival plus”, individual-focused
5 • Post-cold war: external threats → diversified
Will only create more insecurity in • Constant/inevitable presence of threats
another aspect 6 • Search for absolute security defeats itself
• Trade-offs necessary
7. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:41:47 7 Security studies: study of threat/use/control of military force
Walt • Typology:
Security for whom? Source of threat
Traditional, state-centric
definition Military Military or non-military
8 9
States National security Redefined security
8. Comment 10 11
23 March 2021 at 17:51:14 Societies, groups, individuals Intrastate security Human security
Conventional realist approach • Timeline:
• Golden age (50s-60s):
9. Comment • Post-WWII: find long-term strategy to avoid war
23 March 2021 at 17:51:36
• Redefine national interests (include welfare of citizens)
E.g. environmental and economic 12 • Nuclear revolution: deterrence theory
security • Deductive, rational strategizing
13 • Very hypothetical
10. Comment • End of golden age (60s-70s)
23 March 2021 at 17:51:21
• Post-Vietnam war: peace studies
E.g. civil war, ethnic conflict, 14 • Critique of deterrence
democide 15 • Public disinterest in national security
• Security studies unfashionable, more focus on IPE
11. Comment
• Renaissance/comeback (70s-90s)
23 March 2021 at 17:51:45
• More systematic (base on historical data)
E.g. environmental and economic
16 • New methods (vs behavioralism)
threats to survival of societies
17 • New realities → focus on preventing war (vs use war to attain peace)
18 19 • US/Europe distinction
12. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:57:31
Readings:
Huth: threat of military retaliation
• [T] “An Introduction to Security Studies”, in Williams & McDonald, Introduction to Security
prevents use of force to pursue
Studies, 1-14.
policy goals
• [B] Waever, Ole, and Barry Buzan. 2016. “After the return to theory. The past, present and future
of security studies,” in Collins, Alan, Contemporary Security Studies. Oxford: Oxford University
13. Comment
23 March 2021 at 17:58:23 Press, 417-435.
No nuclear war has actually
occurred
14. Comment
23 March 2021 at 18:00:36
Escalation, proxy wars, assumes
rationality/perfect information
15. Comment
23 March 2021 at 18:01:43
E.g. opposition to Vietnam war
16. Comment
23 March 2021 at 18:02:41
More diverse approaches
E.g. comparisons
,17. Comment
23 March 2021 at 18:03:36
E.g. end of Cold War, Iranian
revolution, Nicaraguan revolution,
Soviet interventions in African
states/Afghanistan
18. Comment
23 March 2021 at 18:05:07
Traditional military
19. Comment
23 March 2021 at 18:05:16
Human security, critical
approaches, “security dialogue”
, 20. Comment
23 March 2021 at 20:17:45
Ambiguous symbolism of
weapons (offensive vs defensive)
21. Comment
23 March 2021 at 20:18:01
Limited understanding of other
party (intentions, etc)
22. Comment
23 March 2021 at 20:34:36
Defensive can be perceived as
offensive
E.g. US ballistic missiles defense Part 2 - Anarchy, Uncertainty and War
system
E.g. China building space stuff
Existential features of international system:
• Anarchy: absence of government (common superior)
23. Comment
23 March 2021 at 20:46:23 • Horizontal relations between states
Jervis’s defensive realism • Consequence: system of fear (for survival) → mistrust → self-help predicament
• Uncertainty: quality of not being known beyond doubt
Agree on security arrangements • Existential condition, inherent
to better anticipate/understand • Perception impacts outcome
each other • National intelligence agency provides info about past events, current situation, intentions,
likely future
24. Comment • Types:
23 March 2021 at 20:52:14 20 21 • Unresolvable (material and psychological causes)
Keohane, neoliberal • Future: assume the worst (pessimism)
insitutionalism • Thucydides trap: when a rising power threatens to replace a ruling one, war is almost
inevitable
25. Comment • Power distribution
23 March 2021 at 20:53:37
Critical approach Security dilemma: two-level strategic predicament in international relations
22 • Interpretation (ambiguous symbolism)
From Hobbes to Locke to Kant • Response (limited info → unclear which response is best)
• Consequence: arms race (→ unintended war)
26. Comment • Responses:
23 March 2021 at 20:55:08 • Fatalist logic: define each other as enemies + maximize power
Wendt • Offensive realism (Mearsheimer)
• Security paradox: spiral of mutual hostility
27. Comment • Mitigator logic: create international security regimes
23 March 2021 at 20:54:36 23 • Predictability via mutual learning
Overcome negative perceptions 24 • Cooperative atmosphere + confidence-building mechanisms
• Repeated interactions (transparency + communication)
28. Comment 25 • Transcender logic: create a different world order
23 March 2021 at 21:01:19 • Identify and abolish problem (e.g. patriarchy)
Von Clausewitz: “politics by other 26 • “Anarchy is what states make of it”
means” 27 • Form security communities
Large or sustained violence 28 Causes of war:
between political organizations 29 • Power transitions theory: initiated by either challenger or declining power (preventative war)
• Bargain model of war: result of bargaining failure
Political decision to adopt a • Since war is costly, always prefer peace
military strategy • Factors:
• Information problems
Rational and instrumental pursuit
• Pursuit of more information
of power 30 • Credible commitments
31 • Issue indivisibility
29. Comment 32 • Limits: assumes unitary states and rational leadership
23 March 2021 at 21:03:01
Organski and Kugler
Case study: US-China relations
30. Comment
23 March 2021 at 21:04:33
Prevent from being cheated
31. Comment
23 March 2021 at 21:04:05
Source of conflict doesn’t allow
for bargain (all or nothing)
E.g. identity, special territory
32. Comment
23 March 2021 at 21:05:28
Ignores potential cognitive bias
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bellakim. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.01. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now