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Summary Notes 3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry
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Summary Notes 3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry
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Taylor’s Notes Introduction to OrganicHomologous Series
Consecutive members differ by CH2
Similar chemical properties
Trends in physical properties
Same functional group
The functional group is the part of the molecule which determines which homologous series it is part of
Nomenclature
The first part of the name is given based on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule
Number of C atoms Name Number of C atoms Name Number of C atoms Name
1 Meth- 4 But- 7 Hept-
2 Eth- 5 Pent- 8 Oct-
3 Prop- 6 Hex- 9 Non-
The second part of the name is given according to which homologous series they belong
Functional Name of Suffix/Prefix Functional Name of Suffix/Prefix
Group Functional Group Group Functional Group
Alkene -ene Alcohol -ol
chloro- Aldehyde -al
Halogenoalkane bromo- Ketone -one
Iodo- Carboxylic Acid -oic acid
If a molecule contains an OH group it will end with the name -ol However, if it contains another group,
such as a carboxylic acid, the alcohol is named as hydroy- in front on the name, and the -oic acid at the end
Types of Formulae
Empirical and Molecular
Empirical formula is the lowest whole number ratio of atoms
Molecular formula is the actual ratio of atoms
IUPAC Name Molecular Formula Empirical Formula
Methane CH4 CH4
Propene C3 H 6 CH2
Butane C4H10 C2H5
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