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Summary Notes 3.3.8 - Aldehydes and ketones (A-level only)
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Summary Notes 3.3.8 - Aldehydes and ketones (A-level only)
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Taylor’s Notes Aldehydes and KetonesNomenclature
IUPAC Name Skeletal Formula Structural Formula
Pentan-2-one
Propanal
Butan-2-one
Methyl Propanal
3,3-dimethylbutanone
Propenal
The Carbonyl Group is Polar because Oxygen is much more Electronegative than Carbon
Physical Properties of Carbonyls
Compound Structural Formula Formula Mass Boiling Point/°C
Propane CH3CH2CH3 44 -42
Ethanal CH3CHO 44 20
Ethanol CH3CH2OH 46 78
Carbonyls Boiling Point compared to a Corresponding Alcohol
Alcohols can hydrogen bond with one another whereas carbonyls can do pd-pd as their strongest IMF, but
Hydrogen Bonding is stronger than permanent dipole-permanent dipole attractions
Carbonyls Boiling Point compared to an Alkene of Similar Formula Mass
Alkanes can only exhibit dispersion forces as they are non-polar whereas Carbonyl’s exhibit pd-pd which is
a stronger IMF than dispersion forces
Carbonyls Hydrogen Bonding with Water Molecules (Solubility)
Carbonyl compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
Thus, Carbonyl compounds, especially with short chains are very soluble in water
Carbonyl Hydrogen Bonding with Water
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