Doorheen het semester heb ik hier héél veel werk in gestoken om deze af te krijgen. Ik vond nergens een goede samenvatting waar alles duidelijk en verstaanbaar in werd uitgelegd. Ik ben er uiteindelijk in geslaagd om tot een samenvatting te maken van ALLES dat in de les is voorgekomen.
De les...
Alle hoofdstukken die in de les voorkwamen en geacht worden gekend te zijn voor het examen.
August 11, 2022
122
2021/2022
Summary
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jeroen deploigne
a000977a
eeuwen des onderscheids
geschiedenis van de middeleeuwen
samenvatting
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Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Bachelor Of Arts In De Geschiedenis
Geschiedenis Van De Middeleeuwen (A000977A)
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By: FearOfTheFury • 1 year ago
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Geschiedenis van de
Middeleeuwen
Samenvatting | Prof. Jeroen Deploigne| 2021-2022
,Inhoud
1. EINDE v/h WEST ROMEINSE RIJK ................................................................................................................. 11
1.1. Inleiding: breuk of continuïteit? ........................................................................................................................ 11
1.1.1. In welke zin BREUK? ...................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.2. In welke zin CONTINUÏTEIT?.......................................................................................................................... 11
1.2. De crisis v/d 3de – en 4de eeuw .......................................................................................................................... 12
1.3. Hoe werd het RR bestuurd? 4 instanties ........................................................................................................... 12
1.4. Algemene bespreking: Volksverhuizingen en Barbaren .................................................................................... 14
1.5. Migratie en barbaren: Instorting West-Romeinse orde (4de – 5de eeuw) .......................................................... 16
1.6. Latere migraties (na 5de eeuw) .......................................................................................................................... 17
1.7. Wat karakteriseerde deze ‘barbaarse’ vestiging? 5de – 6de eeuw ..................................................................... 19
1.8. Einde v/d Romeinse beschaving in het Westen? .............................................................................................. 20
2. ONTWIKKELING v/h CHRISTENDOM, Late Oudheid en Vroege Middeleeuwen .............................................. 21
2.1. Mogelijke vragen .............................................................................................................................................. 21
2.2. De vestiging v/d ‘Katholieke’ Kerk .................................................................................................................... 22
2.3. Institutionele Succesfactoren ........................................................................................................................... 24
2.4. Het Kloosterwezen/cultuur ............................................................................................................................... 27
2.5. De vroegste Christianisering ............................................................................................................................. 28
2.6. Religieuze Beleving ........................................................................................................................................... 29
3. OOST-ROMEINSE CONTINUÏTEIT in BYZANTIJNSE RIJK en de opkomst v/d ISLAMWERELD ............................. 30
3.1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 30
3.2. Constantinopel en de start v/d Byzantijnse Traditie ......................................................................................... 30
3.3. Renovatio Imperii = restauratie v/h Romeinse Imperium ................................................................................. 30
3.4. Ontwikkeling tot vroege 11de eeuw .................................................................................................................. 31
3.4.1. Economische, administratieve en politieke hervormingen ........................................................................... 31
3.4.2. Religieuze politiek ......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.4.3. Territoriale uitbreiding .................................................................................................................................. 31
3.5. De opkomst v/d Islam ....................................................................................................................................... 33
3.6. Islam: organisatie en praktijk ............................................................................................................................ 34
3.7. Uitbreiding Dar al-islam: verovering en verdeeldheid (zie kaarten) ................................................................. 34
4. VROEGMIDDELEEUWSE SAMENLEVING EN ECONOMIE ................................................................................ 37
4.1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 37
4.2. Maatschappelijke structuren in de vroege middeleeuwen ............................................................................... 38
4.3. Het Domaniaal stelsel | Het Hofstelsel 8ste eeuw .......................................................................................... 40
4.4. De West-Europese ‘handel’ .............................................................................................................................. 42
4.5. De Vikingen, factor van verval?......................................................................................................................... 43
4.6. Mogelijke vragen .............................................................................................................................................. 44
5. POLITIEKE GESCHIEDENIS v/d VM: MEROVINGEN EN KAROLINGEN .............................................................. 45
5.1. Inleiding: recuperatie v/h verleden ................................................................................................................... 45
5.2. De Merovingen (5de – 8ste eeuw) ....................................................................................................................... 46
,5.3. De Karolingen (8ste – 10de eeuw) ....................................................................................................................... 47
5.4. Keizerlijke ideologie en Politieke cultuur .......................................................................................................... 48
5.5. Ontstaan v/d Feodaliteit ................................................................................................................................... 50
5.6. Karels erfenis (9de eeuw) | Einde Karolingische periode ................................................................................... 53
5.7. Mogelijke vragen .............................................................................................................................................. 53
6. BANALE REVOLUTIE: RURALE ECO GROEI EN SOCIALE DYNAMIEK (10de – 13de eeuw) .................................... 57
6.1. Inleiding: bevolkingsgroei in Hoge Middeleeuwen? Welke bronnen? .............................................................. 57
6.2. Agrarische ontwikkelingen ................................................................................................................................ 58
6.3. De ‘Banale Revolutie’ (10de – 11de eeuw) .......................................................................................................... 60
6.4. Van Milites naar ridders .................................................................................................................................... 62
6.5. Strijders en Werkers: Culturele stereotypen..................................................................................................... 64
6.6. Mogelijke vragen .............................................................................................................................................. 64
7. KLOOSTERWERELD: HERVORMING, DIVERSIFICATIE en VERNIEUWING (10de – 13de eeuw) ............................ 65
7.1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 65
7.2. Traditionele monastieke dynamiek ................................................................................................................... 65
7.3. Vita Apostolica en het Eremitisme .................................................................................................................... 67
7.4. 12de-eeuwse nieuwe orden ............................................................................................................................. 67
7.5. Bedelorden (13de eeuw) .................................................................................................................................... 69
8. KEIZER vs. PAUS: VAN RIJKSKERK TOT GREGORIAANSE HERVORMING.......................................................... 70
8.1. Opgang v/h Duitse/Rooms koninkrijk, 10de – vroege 11de eeuw .................................................................... 70
8.2. Uitbouw Rijkskerk ............................................................................................................................................. 71
8.3. Uitbouw Keizerschap (10de eeuw) ..................................................................................................................... 71
8.4. Gregoriaanse hervorming en Investituurstrijd .................................................................................................. 72
9. EUROPESE KONINKRIJKEN EN VORSTENDOMMEN, 10de – 13de eeuw ............................................................ 74
9.1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................ 74
9.2. (Heilig) Roomse Rijk en Italië (late 11de – midden 13de eeuw)........................................................................... 75
9.3. Frankrijk (Eind 10de eeuw – eind 13de eeuw) ..................................................................................................... 79
9.4. Engeland (9de eeuw tot begin 13de eeuw) ......................................................................................................... 83
10. RECONQUISTA, KRUISTOCHTEN en KETTERVERVOLGING .......................................................................... 89
10.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 89
10.2. De Reconquista v/h Iberisch Schiereiland ..................................................................................................... 90
10.3. Aanloop tot de Kruistochten ......................................................................................................................... 91
10.4. Kruistochten.................................................................................................................................................. 92
10.5. Kolonisatie .................................................................................................................................................... 93
10.6. Ketters en Joden: Vijanden binnen de Christenheid ..................................................................................... 94
10.7. Mogelijke vragen .......................................................................................................................................... 94
11. VERSTEDELIJKING VAN WEST-EUROPA .................................................................................................... 95
11.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 95
11.2. Demografische context en Landschappelijke inbedding ............................................................................... 95
11.3. Morfologie .................................................................................................................................................... 96
, 11.4. Autonomie, particularisme en stedelijk netwerk .......................................................................................... 96
11.5. Sociale verhoudingen en stedelijke samenleving .......................................................................................... 97
11.6. Stedelijk bestuur en publiek belang .............................................................................................................. 98
12. De COMMERCIËLE REVOLUTIE – LANGE 12DE EEUW .................................................................................. 99
12.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 99
12.2. Transportinnovaties .................................................................................................................................... 100
12.3. Commerciële organisatie ............................................................................................................................ 101
12.4. Goederen en Geld ....................................................................................................................................... 103
12.5. Mogelijke vragen ........................................................................................................................................ 103
13. KENNIS VAN MENS EN WERELD ............................................................................................................. 104
13.1. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................... 104
13.2. Wereld- en Mensbeeld sinds de Late Oudheid ........................................................................................... 104
13.3. Vroege Middeleeuwen ................................................................................................................................ 105
13.4. Karolingische Renaissance? ........................................................................................................................ 105
13.5. Renaissance van de 12de eeuw .................................................................................................................. 105
13.6. Bernardus van Clairvaux vs. Abelardus ....................................................................................................... 105
13.7. Ontstaan v/d universiteiten ........................................................................................................................ 106
13.8. Epiloog ........................................................................................................................................................ 106
14. ECONOMISCHE CONTRACTIE en cultuur v. OPSTANDIGHEID in de Late ME ............................................. 107
14.1. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................... 107
14.2. Demografie onder druk (Bellum, Fames et Pestis) > zie boek ..................................................................... 108
14.3. NEO-MALTHUSIAANSE ANALYSE ................................................................................................................. 109
14.4. Contractie v/d plattelandseconomie........................................................................................................... 110
14.5. NEO-MARXISTISCHE ANALYSE: soc-eco tegenstellingen en klassenverschillen........................................... 111
15. CRISIS IN DE KERK EN RELIGIE in de late ME ........................................................................................... 113
15.1. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................... 113
15.2. Tanende pauselijke zeggenschap over de christelijkheid ............................................................................ 113
15.3. ‘Babylonische ballingschap’ en Westers Schisma (1378 – 1417)................................................................. 115
15.4. Religie en devotie: van mystiek naar verkloosterlijking en volksreligiositeit .............................................. 116
15.4.1. Hervorming kloosterwezen ......................................................................................................................... 116
15.4.2. Gewone gelovigen en Volksreligiositeit ...................................................................................................... 117
16. LAATMIDDELEEUWSE STAATSVORMINGSPROCES .................................................................................. 118
16.1. Inleiding – Van Suzereiniteit naar Soevereiniteit ........................................................................................ 118
16.2. Algemene tendensen .................................................................................................................................. 119
16.3. Casus: Honderdjarige oorlog (1337 – 1453) ................................................................................................ 119
16.4. Drijvende krachten in staatsvormingsproces .............................................................................................. 121
16.5. Maatschappelijke consolidatie: Staatsinstellingen...................................................................................... 121
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