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Samenvatting/ eigen cursus kindergeneeskunde
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Samenvatting / eigen cursus van de lessen van kindergeneeskunde
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KINDERGENEESKUNDEinhoudstafel
DEEL I : INLEIDING TOT KINDERGENEESKUNDE ..................................................................................................... 5
HOOFDSTUK 1 : GROEI ....................................................................................................................................... 5
HOOFDSTUK 2 : GEWICHTSTOORNISSEN EN OBESITAS ..................................................................................... 9
1) Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 9
2) Obesitas................................................................................................................................................. 9
HOOFDSTUK 3 : PREVENTIE .............................................................................................................................. 10
1) Belangrijke rol van preventie i/d kindergeneeskunde ........................................................................ 10
2) Waarom/hoe preventie i/d kindergeneeskunde? .............................................................................. 10
3) Preventie i/d geneeskunde ................................................................................................................. 11
4) Neonatale screening : hielprik ............................................................................................................ 11
HOOFDSTUK 4 : KINDERZIEKTEN (INFECTIEZIEKTEN) ....................................................................................... 13
1) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 13
2) Koorts .................................................................................................................................................. 13
3) Mazelen ............................................................................................................................................... 14
4) Rode hond ( rubella) ........................................................................................................................... 14
5) Bof, dikoor ........................................................................................................................................... 14
6) Windpokken, waterpokken, varicella .................................................................................................. 15
7) Kinkhoest (pertussis) ........................................................................................................................... 15
8) Kinderverlamming-poliomyelitis ......................................................................................................... 16
9) Tetanus-kiemziekte ............................................................................................................................. 16
HOOFDSTUK 5 : VACCINATIE ............................................................................................................................ 17
1) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 17
DEEL II : LONGZIEKTEN.......................................................................................................................................... 20
HOOFDSTUK 6 : ALLERGIE ................................................................................................................................ 20
1) Definities ............................................................................................................................................. 20
2) Allergie is een Th1/Th2 ....................................................................................................................... 20
3) Allergie : .............................................................................................................................................. 21
4) Allergie typen ...................................................................................................................................... 21
5) Symptomen allergie ............................................................................................................................ 21
6) Verschillende allergenen ..................................................................................................................... 21
7) Toegenomen prevalentie allergische aandoeningen .......................................................................... 22
8) Bevorderende factoren ....................................................................................................................... 22
9) Atopische dermatitis ➔ kleine kinderen ............................................................................................ 22
10) Urticaria .......................................................................................................................................... 22
11) Angio-oedeem ................................................................................................................................ 23
12) Allergische rhinitis........................................................................................................................... 23
, 13) Anafylaxie ....................................................................................................................................... 23
14) Diagnosestelling allergie ................................................................................................................. 24
15) Bijkomende onderzoeken ............................................................................................................... 24
16) Behandeling van allergie ................................................................................................................. 24
17) Allergie voor insecten ..................................................................................................................... 24
HOOFDSTUK 7 : ASTMA .................................................................................................................................... 25
1) Definitie van astma ............................................................................................................................. 25
2) Pathofysiologische definitie van astma ............................................................................................... 25
3) Klachten bij astma-aanval ................................................................................................................... 26
4) Epidemiologie astma bij kinderen ....................................................................................................... 26
5) Diagnose van astma ............................................................................................................................ 26
6) Behandeling van astma ....................................................................................................................... 27
7) Longfunctietest ................................................................................................................................... 30
8) Spirometrie ......................................................................................................................................... 31
9) Whole-body pletysmografie ( body-box) ............................................................................................ 32
10) Peak flow meter .............................................................................................................................. 32
11) Provocatiestesten ........................................................................................................................... 33
12) Enkele longfucntievoorbeelden ...................................................................................................... 37
HOOFDSTUK 8 : INFECTIEUZE RESPIRATOIRE AANDOENINGEN BIJ HET KIND ................................................. 38
1) Factoren die bijdragen tot vernauwing v/d luchtwegen ..................................................................... 38
2) Definitie ............................................................................................................................................... 38
3) Diagnose .............................................................................................................................................. 38
HOOFDSTUK 9 : RECIDIVERENDE RESPIRATOIRE INFECTIES BIJ HET KIND ....................................................... 44
1) Bevorderende factoren ....................................................................................................................... 44
2) Onderliggende oorzaken ..................................................................................................................... 44
HOOFDSTUK 10 : CHRONISCHE RESPIRATOIRE AANDOENINHEN BIJ HET KIND............................................... 45
1) Complicaties van recidiverende respiratoire aandoeningen of chronisch verloop ............................ 45
2) Behandeling chronische respiratoire infecties bij kinderen ................................................................ 48
3) Evaluatie v/d behandeling................................................................................................................... 48
HOOFDSTUK 11 : ACUTE RESPIRATOIRE AANDOENINGEN & URGENTIES ........................................................ 49
1) Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 49
2) Apnoe .................................................................................................................................................. 49
3) Respiratoire moeilijkheden ................................................................................................................. 50
4) Niet-obstructieve urgenties v/d onderste luchtwegen ....................................................................... 51
DEEL III : SPORT BIJ GEZONDE & ZIEKE KIND ........................................................................................................ 52
HOOHFDSTUK 12 : Gezond sporten ................................................................................................................. 52
1) Competitiesport bij kinderen .............................................................................................................. 52
2) Gevaren van vroege sportspecialisatie op jonge leeftijd .................................................................... 52
, 3) Gevaar van hoge intensieve sport op jonge leeftijd ........................................................................... 53
4) Groeiachterstand en verlate puberteit bij elitesporters ..................................................................... 53
5) Hoe? Wanneer? Vroege sportspecialisatie op jonge leeftijd .............................................................. 53
6) Op welke leeftijd beginnen te specialiseren? Aanpak naargelang de sport ....................................... 54
7) Aanbevelingen..................................................................................................................................... 54
8) Babyzwemmen .................................................................................................................................... 54
HOOFDSTUK 2 : sporten bij het (chronische) zieke kind .................................................................................. 55
1) Sporten bij zieke kind .......................................................................................................................... 55
2) Sporten bij het chronisch zieke kind ................................................................................................... 56
DEEL IV : HOOFDSTUK 13 : KINDERCARDIOLOGIE ................................................................................................ 60
1. Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 60
2. Foetale VS postnatale bloedsomloop ...................................................................................................... 60
1) Foetale bloedsomloop ........................................................................................................................ 60
2) Postnatale bloedsomloop ................................................................................................................... 61
3. Tekens bij hartafwijkingen ........................................................................................................................... 61
1) Klachten .............................................................................................................................................. 61
2) Hartauscultatie .................................................................................................................................... 61
3) Bijkomende onderzoeken ................................................................................................................... 61
4.Voorbeelden van hartafwijkingen bij kinderen ............................................................................................. 61
1) Atriumseptumdefect (ASD) ................................................................................................................. 61
2) Persisterende foetale circulatie .......................................................................................................... 62
3) Ventrikelseptumdefect (VSD) .............................................................................................................. 62
4) Pulmonaalstenose (PS) ........................................................................................................................ 62
5) aortastenose (AS) ................................................................................................................................ 62
6) coarctatio – aortae .............................................................................................................................. 62
7) Tetralogie van fallot – 4fouten ............................................................................................................ 62
8) Transpositie grote vaten (TGV) ........................................................................................................... 63
9) clubbing = trommelstokvingers ........................................................................................................... 63
DEEL V: HOOFDSTUK 14 : GEWRICHTSAANDOENINGEN BIJ HET KIND ................................................................ 64
1. Aandoeningen vanuit ‘het systeem’ ........................................................................................................ 64
2. PRA (polyarthritis rheumatica acuta) =AGR ( acuut gewrichtsreuma) = acute rheumatic fever ............. 64
3. RA = rheumatoide arthritis = ziekte van Stil ............................................................................................ 64
4. Andere ziekten die gewrichtsproblemen kunnen geven ......................................................................... 64
DEEL VI: HOOFDSTUK 14 : GASTRO-OESOPHAGALE REFLUX (GOR) ..................................................................... 65
1. GOR (gastro-oesophageale reflux) vs. GERD (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) ................................. 65
2. GOR ≠ regurgiteren of braken ................................................................................................................. 65
3. Ziektetekens van GOR ............................................................................................................................. 65
4. Verband met respiratoire aandoeningen & GOR .................................................................................... 65
, 5. Diagnose van GOR ................................................................................................................................... 65
6. Respiratoire kine en GOR-bevorderende (verergerende) technieken: ................................................... 65
7. Respiratoire kine en GOR-vermijdende (vermindering) technieken: ...................................................... 66
8. Behandeling van GOR .............................................................................................................................. 66
DEEL VII: HOOFDSTUK 16 : KINDERMISHANDELING ............................................................................................. 67
1. Definitie ................................................................................................................................................... 67
2. Geschiedenis van geweld en kinderen .................................................................................................... 67
3. Vormen van kindermishandeling............................................................................................................. 68
1) Lichamelijke mishandeling .................................................................................................................. 68
2) Lichamelijke (medische) verwaarlozing .............................................................................................. 68
3) Emotionele (pedagogische) verwaarlozing ......................................................................................... 68
4) Emotionele mishandeling.................................................................................................................... 69
5) Seksueel misbruik................................................................................................................................ 69
6) Syndroom van Münchhausen by proxy (MBP) .................................................................................... 69
4. Risicofactoren voor kindermishandeling bij kinderen ............................................................................. 70
5. Risicofactoren voor kindermishandeling bij ouders ................................................................................ 70
6. Achtergronden......................................................................................................................................... 70
7. Diagnose van mishandeling ..................................................................................................................... 70
8. Medische diagnose .................................................................................................................................. 70
9. Shaken infant syndrome SIS .................................................................................................................... 71
1) Bijkomend nazicht ter diagnose van SIS .............................................................................................. 71
10. Hulpverlener & mishandeling ............................................................................................................. 71
11. Deontologie ......................................................................................................................................... 72
12. Wat na een melding? .......................................................................................................................... 72
1) Inschatting v/h probleem – ernst en omvang op verscheidene manieren ......................................... 72
2) Elke aangemelde situatie is uniek ....................................................................................................... 73
13. VK als gemandateerde voorziening ..................................................................................................... 73
14. Hulpverlening bij mishandeling ........................................................................................................... 73
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