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Samenvatting/ eigen cursus kinderneurologie
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Deelvak van module pediatrie Samenvatting/ eigen cursus van kinderneurologie
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KINDERNEUROLOGIEINHOUDSTAFEL
HOOFDSTUK 1 : NEUROLOGISCH ONDERZOEK ....................................................................................... 4
1) Inleiding....................................................................................................................................... 4
2) Neurologisch onderzoek benodigheden ..................................................................................... 4
3) Anamnese ................................................................................................................................... 4
4) Algemeen fysiek onderzoek ........................................................................................................ 5
5) Neurologisch onderzoek ............................................................................................................. 5
6) Neurologisch onderzoek bij het kind .......................................................................................... 6
1. Zuigeling .................................................................................................................................. 6
2. Peuter vanaf 1 jaar tot 3 jaar .................................................................................................. 8
3. Kleuter en ouder kind ............................................................................................................. 9
7) Motoriek ................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Spierkracht ............................................................................................................................ 11
2. Spiertonus ............................................................................................................................. 12
3. Reflexen ................................................................................................................................ 12
8) Gang en evenwicht ................................................................................................................... 13
9) Sensibiliteit ................................................................................................................................ 14
10) Alarmtekens i/d kinderneurologie ........................................................................................ 15
HOOFDSTUK 2 : NIET AANGEBOREN LETSELS ....................................................................................... 16
1) Cerebrale parese ( niet aangeboren) ........................................................................................ 16
1. Probleem thv de hersenen.................................................................................................... 16
2. Inleiding................................................................................................................................. 16
3. Risicofactoren ....................................................................................................................... 17
4. Beeldvorming ........................................................................................................................ 17
5. Gevolgen ............................................................................................................................... 19
6. Evaluatie -stoornisniveau ...................................................................................................... 19
7. Begeleiding & behandeling ................................................................................................... 20
8. Effectieve behandeling voor CP en nog andere .................................................................... 21
9. Cerebrale parese : voorkomen is beter dan genezen? ......................................................... 22
2) Niet aangeboren hersenletsel................................................................................................... 22
1. Inleiding................................................................................................................................. 22
2. Klinische beschrijving ............................................................................................................ 22
3. Gevolgen ............................................................................................................................... 23
4. Diagnostiek............................................................................................................................ 24
1
, 5. Behandeling .......................................................................................................................... 24
HOOFDSTUK 3 : Spina bifida ................................................................................................................. 25
1) Inleiding..................................................................................................................................... 25
2) Oorzaken ................................................................................................................................... 25
3) Gevolgen ................................................................................................................................... 25
4) Evaluatie.................................................................................................................................... 27
5) Begeleiding en behandeling ...................................................................................................... 27
6) Multidisciplinaire opvolging ...................................................................................................... 27
HOOFDSTUK 4 : neuromusculaire aandoeningen ................................................................................. 28
1) Inleiding..................................................................................................................................... 28
2) Multidisciplinaire noden ........................................................................................................... 28
3) Overzicht ................................................................................................................................... 28
1. Diagnostiek............................................................................................................................ 28
2. Motorische voorhoorncel aandoening ................................................................................. 29
3. Aandoening van perifere zenuwen ....................................................................................... 30
4. Aandoening vanuit de spier .................................................................................................. 31
5. Gevolgen van neuromusculaire aandoeningen .................................................................... 33
6. Diagnostiek vanuit kinesitherapeut ...................................................................................... 34
7. Behandeling en begeleiding .................................................................................................. 35
8. Behandelplan ........................................................................................................................ 35
Hoofdstuk 5 : verstandelijke beperking ................................................................................................ 36
1) Inleiding..................................................................................................................................... 36
2) intelligence quotient (IQ) : range .............................................................................................. 36
3) Etiologie verstandelijke beperking............................................................................................ 36
4) Terminologie ............................................................................................................................. 37
Hoofdstuk 6 : Autisme spectrum stoornissen....................................................................................... 38
1) DSM-V criteria : ......................................................................................................................... 38
2) Klinisch beeld ............................................................................................................................ 38
3) Sally – Anne test ........................................................................................................................ 38
4) Gevolgen ................................................................................................................................... 38
5) Begeleiding & behandeling ....................................................................................................... 38
Hoofdstuk 7 : Epilepsie ......................................................................................................................... 39
1) Inleiding..................................................................................................................................... 39
1. Definitie................................................................................................................................. 39
2. Belang juiste terminologie en indeling ................................................................................. 39
2) Schema ...................................................................................................................................... 39
2
,3) Type convulsie........................................................................................................................... 40
1. Focale aanvallen.................................................................................................................... 41
2. Visueel aura VS occipitale epilepsie ...................................................................................... 41
4) Epilepsiesyndroom .................................................................................................................... 41
5) Etiologie .................................................................................................................................... 41
6) Comorbiditeiten ........................................................................................................................ 42
7) Impact ....................................................................................................................................... 42
8) Behandeling .............................................................................................................................. 42
9) Eerste hulp bij aanvallen ........................................................................................................... 42
3
, HOOFDSTUK 1 : NEUROLOGISCH ONDERZOEK
1) Inleiding
• Onderzoek op basis van :
o Anamnese
o Klinisch onderzoek
o Differentieel Diagnose
o Bijkomende onderzoeken
• Doel onderzoek :
o Waar is het letsel gelokaliseerd?
o Centraal? Perifeer? Waar precies?
o Wat is het letsel? Welke ziekte?
o Wat kunnen we er aan doen?
• Neurologisch lokaliseren
o CNS
▪ Hersenen
▪ Ruggenmerg
o PNS
▪ Zenuwwortel
▪ Plexus
▪ Perifere zenuw
▪ Neuromusculaire overgang
▪ Spier bv ziekte van duchenne
2) Neurologisch onderzoek benodigheden
• Nodig van
o Ogen & Oren & handen
o Stemvork = sensibiliteit onderzoek
o Phenoscoop = pupilreactie en retina onderzoeken
o Reflexhamer = peesrek refelxen
o Watjes & scherpe stokken vo/d sensibiliteit onderzoeken
3) Anamnese
• GESPREKSPARTNER en dus praten met :
o Ouders
o Kind
• ANTECEDENTEN
o Persoonlijke antecedenten
▪ Zwangerschap en geboorte ➔ bv : prematuur ja /nee?
▪ Andere medische info
▪ Ontwikkelingsanamnese en schoolse evolutie
o Familiale antecedenten
▪ Medisch
▪ Psychiatrisch
▪ Consanguiniteit ➔ meer kans op ziektes
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