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This document includes notes on Nutrition such as
• HIV / AIDS
• Osteoporosis & Rickets
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NUTRITION:
Under nutrition – occurs when the total energy supply and intake of essential nutrients is
less than the body needs eg: anorexia
Over nutrition – occurs when the total intake of than the body requires. E.g. obesity
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISEASES
• HIV / AIDS
• Osteoporosis & Rickets
• Iron deficiency anaemia
• Constipation
• Gut health – pre & probiotics
• Coronary heart disease / High cholesterol /atherosclerosis
• Type 2 diabetes
• Lactose & Gluten Intolerance
• Food allergies – nut, seafood, dairy, wheat, soya & eggs
• Food additives
• Eating disorders – anorexia & bulimia
• Malnutrition – over nutrition: obesity
under nutrition: starvation especially kwashiorkor & marasmus
• Calculation & interpretation of BMI
• Food Borne diseases –
Hepatitis A
TB
E Coli
Dysentery
Gastro-enteritis
HIV / AIDS:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus /
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a disease of the human immune system which is caused by the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus.
• Progressively reduces the effectiveness of the immune system - easily susceptible to
infections.
• No cure to date.
• Proper nutrition plays a vital role in the health of a sufferer.
• Been dubbed the wasting disease.
HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane with:
• Blood containing HIV
• Body fluids containing HIV e.g. breast milk, semen, vaginal or pre-seminal fluid
Can’t have AIDS without HIV
,Can have HIV without AIDS
AIDS is caused by HIV
Nutrition and HIV/AIDS:
• Wellness & nutrition is very important to improve the patients’ immune system.
• Proper nutrition can reduce the side effects of HIV medication (anti-retro virals.)
• Reduce the loss of energy.
• Adequate nutrition in the form of vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and
fats must be consumed daily.
• This plays a role in delaying the onset of AIDS and therefore improves the lifespan of
a sufferer.
Medical Nutrition Therapy:
- Good nutrition is important to all people, whether or not they are living with HIV
- Eating well is key to maintaining:
o Strength
o Energy
o Healthy immune system
- Some conditions related to HIV / AIDS and treatment mean that proper nutrition is
EXTREMELY IMPORTANT
, o Wasting (weight loss)
o Diarrhoea (become dehydrated = being undernourished)
o Lipid abnormalities (fat – energy)
- Immune suppression
o Food safety and proper hygiene
Nutrition:
The HIV / AIDS sufferer should eat a good intake of both the macro and micro-nutrients
daily:
Macro Nutrients – Proteins, carbohydrates & fats
Without proteins and fats, a sufferer will lose considerable body weight, making them more
susceptible to illness and injury
Best sources of protein & fats:
Best sources of proteins:
• meat
• fish
• poultry
• beans
• nuts
• seeds
Unsaturated fats are recommended and are found in: (healthier)
• nuts
• seeds
• olive oil
• Fish
Saturated fats should be kept to a minimum to prevent heart disease. (butter)
Micro-Nutrients:
Vitamins & Minerals
The vitamins and minerals allow the body to distribute the proteins and fats throughout the
body.
Vitamin C – is one of the most important vitamins for strengthening the immune system.
Eat lots of:
• Citrus fruit
• Guavas
• Tomatoes
NB: vitamin C does affect anti-retroviral therapy so the doctor’s instructions must be
followed.
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