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ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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study cards / cue cards of important key words and concepts of the nervous system
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Primary somatosensory cortex function : in postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe (Brodmann areas(BA) 1-3) , receives info from somatic sensory receptors (skin) & proprioreceptors (skeletal
muscle)
Primary motor cortex : precentral gyrus of frontal lobe of each hemisphere;
Central Nervous System : brain + spinal cord; integrating & command centre
Peripheral Nervous System : cranial & spinal nerves; communication between CNS & all parts of
body
Sensory division : somatic & visceral fibers; from receptors to CNS
motor division : motor nerve fibers from CNS to effectors
Somatic ns : voluntary; from CNS to skeletal muscle
Autonomic ns : involuntary; (visceral motor); from CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle,
glands
Sympathetic division : "fight or flight"
Parasympathetic division : conserve energy at rest
neurons and supporting cells : 2 principal types of cells
6
CNS - 4
PNS - 2 : how many supporting cells are there? CNS ? PNS?
astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes : Supporting cells of the cns (4)
Astrocytes : star-shaped, most abundant; anchor neurons close to capillaries
• roles in nutrient exchange, antigen presentation, control of environment
Microglia : protective; touch neurons to monitor well-being; can transform into macrophages
Ependymal cells : line cavities of brain & spinal cord as barrier between CSF & fluid bathing cells
of CNS; cilia circulate CSF
Oligodendrocytes : "few branches"; provide myelin sheaths to CNS neurons
satellite cells and schwann cells : pns supporting cells
, satellite cells : surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia - influence chemical environment of these
neurons
schwann cells : form myelin sheaths around larger neurons in PNS; vital to peripheral nerve cell
regeneration
Neurons : extreme longevity, amitotic, high MR
•
by the direction nerve impulses travels : How do you classify the functions of neurons
sensory, motor, association : 3 functional classifications of neurons
sensory neurons : toward CNS; primary, secondary, tertiary
unipolar
bipolar : virtually all PRIMARY sensory neurons are _____.
except _____ neurons in some special sense organs
Multipolar : higher order sensory neurons all _____ & reside entirely within CNS
within the CNS : where do multipolar neurons reside in?
motor neurons : away from CNS to effector organs like muscle & glands;
association (interneurons) : 99% o neurons in our bodies
multipolar : what type of neuron is an association
association (interneurons) : between sensory & motor neurons - integration of info; multipolar;
most entirely within CNS
1. cerebral hemispheres
2. diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
3. brain stem
4. cerebellum : 4 sub divisions of the brain
midbrain, pons, medulla : 3 parts of the brain stem
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus : 3 parts of the diencephalon
complexity of wiring rather than size. : what matters in the brain
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