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Therapeutische modellenLeerdoelen bij ieder hoofdstuk
1 PSYCHOLOGIE: EEN PALET VOL THEORIEËN ............................................................................................. 5
1.2 WAT IS PSYCHOLOGIE? ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 THEORIEËN ................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 KENMERKEN VAN PSYCHOLOGISCHE STROMINGEN ............................................................................................. 6
1.4.1 Geschiedenis van theoretische stromingen ....................................................................................... 6
1.4.2 Mensbeelden bij theoretische stromingen ........................................................................................ 6
1.5 INDELINGEN VAN THEORETISCHE STROMINGEN ................................................................................................. 7
1.5.1 Mensbeelden in de psychologie ......................................................................................................... 7
1.5.2 De algemene systeemtheorie ............................................................................................................ 9
1.6 SAMENVATTING ....................................................................................................................................... 11
2 PSYCHOANALYSE ................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 TYPERING VAN DE PSYCHOANALYSE .............................................................................................................. 12
2.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten ....................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.2 Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Mensbeeld ....................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.4 Indeling ............................................................................................................................................ 14
2.2 KLASSIEKE THEORIE ................................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.1 Onbewuste mentale processen ....................................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Psychische structuur ........................................................................................................................ 15
2.2.3 Ontwikkelingsfasen (psychoseksuele stadia) .................................................................................. 16
2.3 ONTWIKKELINGEN NA FREUD ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.3.1 Hechtingstheorie van Bowlby .......................................................................................................... 17
2.3.2 Objectrelatietheorie ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.4 VERKLAREN VAN PSYCHISCHE STOORNISSEN ................................................................................................... 19
2.4.1 Depressie ......................................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.2 Angststoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 19
2.5 TOEPASSINGEN VAN DE PSYCHOANALYSE IN DE HULPVERLENING & OPVOEDING..................................................... 20
2.5.1 Verdedigingsmechanismen ............................................................................................................. 20
2.5.2 Overdracht & tegenoverdracht ....................................................................................................... 21
2.6 KANTTEKENINGEN..................................................................................................................................... 21
2.7 SAMENVATTING ....................................................................................................................................... 22
3 BEHAVIORISME ...................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1 TYPERING VAN HET BEHAVIORISME ............................................................................................................... 23
3.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten ....................................................................................................................... 23
3.1.2 Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1.3 Mensbeeld ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Therapeutische Modellen 1
, 3.1.4 Indeling ............................................................................................................................................ 24
3.2 LEERPROCESSEN ....................................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.1 Habituatie........................................................................................................................................ 25
3.2.2 Klassiek conditioneren ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.3 Operant conditioneren .................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.4 Model – leren .................................................................................................................................. 28
3.3 NIEUWE ONTWIKKELINGEN IN DE LEERPSYCHOLOGIE ........................................................................................ 29
3.4 HET VERKLAREN VAN PSYCHISCHE STOORNISSEN.............................................................................................. 29
3.4.1 Depressie ......................................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.2 Angststoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 29
3.5 PRAKTISCHE TOEPASSINGEN VAN LEERPSYCHOLOGIE IN HULPVERLENING & OPVOEDING .......................................... 30
3.5.1 Gedragsanalyse ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.5.2 Registratieopdrachten ..................................................................................................................... 30
3.5.3 Exposuretechnieken......................................................................................................................... 30
3.5.4 Beloningssystemen .......................................................................................................................... 31
3.5.5 Socialevaardigheidstrainingen ........................................................................................................ 31
3.6 KANTTEKENINGEN..................................................................................................................................... 31
3.7 SAMENVATTING ....................................................................................................................................... 32
4 HUMANISTISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE ............................................................................................................. 33
4.1 TYPERING VAN DE HUMANISTISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE............................................................................................ 33
4.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten ....................................................................................................................... 33
4.1.2 Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................... 33
4.1.3 Mensbeeld ....................................................................................................................................... 35
4.1.4 Indeling ............................................................................................................................................ 35
4.2 THEORIE VAN ROGERS ............................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.1 Persoonlijkheid ................................................................................................................................ 36
4.2.2 3 grondhoudingen ........................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.3 Benadering van Gendlin .................................................................................................................. 37
4.3 NIEUWE ONTWIKKELINGEN: UITWAAIERING & POSITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE ............................................................... 37
4.3.1 Rogeriaanse hulpverlening .............................................................................................................. 37
4.3.2 Positieve psychologie ...................................................................................................................... 38
4.4 VERKLAREN VAN PSYCHISCHE STOORNISSEN ................................................................................................... 38
4.5 PRAKTISCHE TOEPASSINGEN VAN ROGERIAANSE PRINCIPES IN HULPVERLENING & OPVOEDING .................................. 39
4.5.1 De Gordonmethode ......................................................................................................................... 39
4.5.2 Gentle teaching ............................................................................................................................... 40
4.5.3 Validationmethode .......................................................................................................................... 40
4.5.4 Motiverende gespreksvoering ......................................................................................................... 41
4.6 KANTTEKENINGEN..................................................................................................................................... 41
4.7 SAMENVATTING ....................................................................................................................................... 42
5 COGNITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE .................................................................................................................... 43
5.1 TYPERING VAN DE COGNITIEVE PSYCHOLOGIE.................................................................................................. 43
5.1.1 De basisuitgangspunten .................................................................................................................. 43
5.1.2 Geschiedenis .................................................................................................................................... 43
5.1.3 Het mensbeeld................................................................................................................................. 44
Therapeutische Modellen 2
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