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Samenvatting: inleiding geschiedenis van de Nieuwste Tijd
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Samenvatting: inleiding geschiedenis van de Nieuwste Tijd
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Inleiding1.Moderniteit
1.1. Definities
Vaak cirkelredering
Vaak positieve connotatie
A. The term modern ... refers to the historical evolution of societies and cultures that may be
said to have had the greatest influence in shaping the modern world – a phase of human
history that began to develop about five or six centuries ago and is now evolving more rapidly
in more places than ever before’ (Palmer et al., A History of the Modern World, 2006, p.
xxviii).
B. ‘Moderniteit impliceert verandering op politiek vlak …, op sociaal-economisch vlak … en op
cultureel vlak (culturele homogenisering als resultaat van een nationaal onderwijsnet en
pers…, de identiteit steunt niet meer op de loyauteit tegenover de vorst of een leidende elite
maar op de door de volksgemeenschap gedragen waarden)’ (Gerard, 2018, p. 67).
Moderniteit (Gerard)
o Gecentraliseerde staat (politiek)
o Industriële samenleving (economisch)
o Homogene cultuur (cultureel)
o Volkssoevereiniteit (massa belangrijker in samenleving)
≈ Moderniseringstheorie (2e helft 20ste E, Europa + VS, dekolonisering)
A. ‘Shils defined modernity as social leveling to minimize class distinctions; state-guided
industrialism; an exaltation of rationalism, science and expertise as the guide for
democratic institutions; and convergence on a consensual model of social organization
based on progressive taxation and state provision of social benefits’ (Gilman, Mandarins of
the Future, 2003).
o Wetenschap en expertise vs religie vroeger
o Sociale consensus gedragen door belastingen + welvaartsstaat
Moderniteit als Verlichtingsproject?
= vrijheid, vooruitgang, vrede, gelijkheid, democratie
o + = technologie, communicatie, onderwijs, gezondheid, emancip...
o - = kinderarbeid, kolonisatie, autoritarisme, nucleaire wapens...
1.1. Complexe definitie
Verschillende vormen
Verschillende visies op waarden Verlichting cfr. Mao, Nietzsche, Lenin
Inherente tegenstellingen: niet duidelijk wat vrijheid IS
Moderniseringstheorie
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