Deze samenvatting werd gemaakt aan de hand van de Powerpoints, de lessen en het Handboek (waar interessant). Het bevat de oplossingen van de oefeningen. In eerste zit een 15/20 mee gehaald.
,INHOUD
INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
A. examen....................................................................................................................................................... 7
B. overzicht..................................................................................................................................................... 7
DEEL I. aanknopingspunten van het economisch recht .......................................................................................... 8
A. aanloop: evoluties en begripsbepaling ...................................................................................................... 8
1. “Handelsrecht” ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Geschiedenis van het handelsrecht ....................................................................................................... 8
3. wetboek van koophandel ...................................................................................................................... 8
4. wetboek van koophandel a la belge ...................................................................................................... 8
5. Naar de huidige benadering .................................................................................................................. 8
6. economisch recht sensu lato vandaag................................................................................................... 8
7. Normatieve vindplaatsen van economisch recht ................................................................................ 10
B. de verschillende ondernemingsbegrippen .............................................................................................. 11
1. onderneming in de zin van boek I WER ............................................................................................... 11
1.1 gewijzigd ondernemingsbegrip .......................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Analyse (huidig) ondernemingsbegrip ............................................................................................... 12
I. natuurlijke personen die zelfstandig (1) een beroepsactiviteit (2) uitoefenen ......................... 12
II. alle rechtspersonen .................................................................................................................... 14
III. andere organisaties zonder rechtspersoonlijkheid ................................................................ 15
IV. Besluit ..................................................................................................................................... 17
2. onderneming in de zin van boek III WER ............................................................................................. 17
2.1 definities bij boek III ........................................................................................................................... 17
2.2 geregistreerde entiteit ....................................................................................................................... 17
2.3 inschrijvingsplichtige onderneming KBO............................................................................................ 17
2.4 Boekhoudplichtige onderneming ....................................................................................................... 18
3. onderneming in het mededingingsrecht sensu lato ............................................................................ 18
3.1 Onderneming in het EU-mededingingsrecht ..................................................................................... 18
3.2 onderneming in de zin van boek IV en V WER = mededingingsrecht sensu stricto ........................... 22
I. Analyse ........................................................................................................................................ 22
II. Toepassingsgevallen ................................................................................................................... 24
III. Uitsluitingen van het ondernemingsbegrip .................................................................................... 26
1) Overheidstaken ........................................................................................................................... 26
2) witte sector en sociale activiteiten ............................................................................................. 27
3) Werknemers/ CAO’s ............................................................................................................... 29
4) kopers zonder verkoopmarkt ................................................................................................. 29
5) moeder-dochter + handelsagent ............................................................................................ 29
3.3 Onderneming in de zin van boek VI WER (marktpraktijken) ............................................................. 29
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, I. Belgische marktpraktijkenrecht: de saga .................................................................................... 30
II. ondernemingsbegrip in EU-consumentenrichtlijnen .................................................................. 30
III. analyse ondernemingsbegrip boek VI .................................................................................... 31
1) duurzame wijze ........................................................................................................................... 31
2) economisch doel ......................................................................................................................... 31
3) alsmede zijn verenigingen ...................................................................................................... 32
Toepasingsgevallen: ........................................................................................................................ 33
4. consument in de zin van boek VI WER ................................................................................................ 38
4.1 consument vs onderneming............................................................................................................... 38
4.2 analyse consumentenbegrip .............................................................................................................. 38
4.3 de gemiddelde consument ................................................................................................................ 42
5. onderneming in de zin van boek XI WER ............................................................................................. 42
6. onderneming in de zin van boek XX WER ............................................................................................ 43
samengevat .................................................................................................................................................. 43
DEEL II. Kenmerkende regels voor ondernemingen ............................................................................................. 44
A. Economische activiteiten starten ............................................................................................................. 44
1. Vrijheid van ondernemen .................................................................................................................... 44
2. economische bekwaamheid ................................................................................................................ 44
2.1 Onverenigbaarheden ......................................................................................................................... 44
2.2 Beroepsverboden ............................................................................................................................... 45
2.3 Vestigingsrecht ................................................................................................................................... 45
2.4 Vrijheid van vestiging & dienstverlening............................................................................................ 46
3. Algemene verplichtingen ..................................................................................................................... 46
3.1 Inschrijving KBO ................................................................................................................................ 46
3.2 Fiscale en sociale verplichtingen ........................................................................................................ 47
3.3 Zichtrekening ..................................................................................................................................... 47
3.4 Boekhoudingsplicht ............................................................................................................................ 47
4. transparantie- & informatieplichten ................................................................................................... 48
B. Basisregels economische transacties ....................................................................................................... 48
1. Hoofdelijkheid ..................................................................................................................................... 48
2. Bewijs (Examen) .................................................................................................................................. 49
3. Vormloze ingebrekestelling ................................................................................................................. 52
4. Betalingsachterstand handelstransacties ............................................................................................ 52
5. Invorderingen van schulden ................................................................................................................ 52
6. Schadevergoeding & consumenten ..................................................................................................... 53
7. Ondernemingsrechtbank ..................................................................................................................... 53
8. Onbeslagbaarheid van de woning ....................................................................................................... 54
9. Handelszaak ......................................................................................................................................... 54
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, DEEL III. Marktpraktijken....................................................................................................................................... 57
A. inleiding.................................................................................................................................................... 57
B. Kernbegrippen ......................................................................................................................................... 57
C. Informatie van de markt .......................................................................................................................... 60
1. Algemene verplichting informatie consument ......................................................................................... 60
2. verplichtingen inzake Prijsaanduiding ...................................................................................................... 61
3. Etikettering van goederen en diensten .................................................................................................... 62
4. Hoeveelheidsaanduiding .......................................................................................................................... 62
D. Verboden (markt)praktijken .................................................................................................................... 63
1. overzicht ................................................................................................................................................... 63
2. oneerlijke handelspraktijken jegens consumenten (B2C) ........................................................................ 63
2.1 verbodsbepaling ................................................................................................................................. 63
2.2 systematiek van de verboden praktijken ........................................................................................... 63
I. algemene, overkoepelende open norm...................................................................................... 64
II. twee specifieke open normen .................................................................................................... 64
III. zwarte lijst .............................................................................................................................. 65
3.3 privaatrechtelijke sancties .......................................................................................................... 66
3. oneerlijke marktpraktijken tussen ondernemingen (B2B) ....................................................................... 67
3.1 systematiek oneerlijke marktpraktijken ............................................................................................ 67
I. algemene open norm .................................................................................................................. 67
II. bijzonder open normen .............................................................................................................. 68
III. zwarte lijsten .......................................................................................................................... 68
3.2 sanctie oneerlijke marktpraktijken .................................................................................................... 68
E. reclame, vergelijkende reclame en ongewenste communicatie ............................................................. 69
1. reclame .................................................................................................................................................... 69
2. vergelijkende reclame .............................................................................................................................. 70
3.1 grondvoorwaarden ..................................................................................................................... 70
2.2 voorwaarden rechtmatigheid ............................................................................................................ 71
3. ongewenste communicatie ...................................................................................................................... 74
F. promoties inzake prijzen ............................................................................................................................... 75
maximale europese harmonisatie ................................................................................................................ 75
1. aankondiging van Prijsvermindering ........................................................................................................ 76
3. uitverkoop ........................................................................................................................................... 76
3. solden of opruimingen ............................................................................................................................ 77
4. sperperiodes ........................................................................................................................................ 77
5. Titels die recht geven op terugbetaling of prijsvermindering (= “Bonnen”) ............................................ 78
6. verkoop met verlies .................................................................................................................................. 78
G. overeenkomsten met consumenten ............................................................................................................ 80
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