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Samenvatting Ontwikkelingspsychologie, ISBN: 9789043036955 Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Y00089)
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ONTWIKKELINGSPSYCHOLOGIEInhoudsopgave
B1: Een inleiding in de ontwikkeling van het kind...........................................................................................5
1.1 Een oriëntatie op de ontwikkelingspsychologie..............................................................................................5
1.1.1 De reikwijdte van het vakgebied..............................................................................................................5
1.1.2 De invloed van de cohorten op de ontwikkeling.....................................................................................6
1.2.3 Vraagstukken bij de thema’s van de ontwikkelingspsychologie..............................................................7
Zelfstudieles ter voorbereiding b2.................................................................................................................. 9
1. Theoretische perspectieven en onderzoek........................................................................................................9
1.1 Perspectieven bij het kijken naar kinderen.................................................................................................9
B2: Theoretische perspectieven en onderzoek.............................................................................................. 11
2.1 Perspectieven bij het kijken naar kinderen...................................................................................................14
4. De geboorte en het pasgeboren kind..............................................................................................................15
4.3 Wat een pasgeboren baby allemaal kan...................................................................................................15
5. De fysieke ontwikkeling in de babytijd............................................................................................................16
5.1 Groei en ontwikkeling...............................................................................................................................16
5.3 de ontwikkeling van de zintuigen..............................................................................................................17
B3: cognitieve ontwikkeling in de babytijd................................................................................................... 18
6.1 cognitieve ontwikkeling volgens Piaget........................................................................................................18
6.2 de informatieverwerkingstheorie van cognitieve ontwikkeling....................................................................22
6.2.1 codering, opslag en terughalen..............................................................................................................22
6.2.2 het geheugen in de babytijd..................................................................................................................23
6.2.3 INDIVIDUELE VERSCHILLEN IN INTELLIGENTIE: IS DE ENE BABY SLIMMER DAN DE ANDERE?..............24
B4: De sociale ontwikkeling en de persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de babytijd............................................25
7.1 de basis van sociaal gedrag..........................................................................................................................25
7.1.1 emoties in de babytijd............................................................................................................................25
7.1.2 De ontwikkeling van het ik.....................................................................................................................26
7.1.3 Social Referencing..................................................................................................................................27
7.1.4 Theory of mind.......................................................................................................................................27
7.2 relaties aangaan...........................................................................................................................................27
7.2.1 hechting..................................................................................................................................................27
basisles 5..................................................................................................................................................... 29
7.2.2 rollen van moeder en vader bij hechting...............................................................................................29
7.2.3 ontluikende relaties via interacties........................................................................................................30
Ontwikkelingspsychologie 2021-2022 Kara Steppe
, 7.3 verschillen tussen baby’s...............................................................................................................................31
7.3.1 DE PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING: KENMERKEN DIE BABY’S UNIEK MAKEN...............................31
7.3.2 temperament.........................................................................................................................................31
7.3.3 geslacht en gender: mannelijk of vrouwelijk.........................................................................................32
9. de cognitieve ontwikkeling in de peuter-en kleutertijd...................................................................................32
9.1 de intellectuele ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................32
basisles 6..................................................................................................................................................... 34
basisles 7..................................................................................................................................................... 35
10. de sociale ontwikkeling en de persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de peuter-en kleutertijd............................35
10.1 Een antwoord op de vraag ‘wie ben ik?’.................................................................................................35
10.2 vrienden en familie: het sociale leven van peuters en kleuters.............................................................36
10.3 morele ontwikkeling en zelfbeheersing..................................................................................................38
12. de cognitieve ontwikkeling in de schooltijd..................................................................................................39
12.1 de intellectuele ontwikkeling..................................................................................................................39
13. de sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de schooltijd.........................................................................40
13.1 de ontwikkeling van het eigen ik.............................................................................................................40
13.3 relaties: de vriendschappen in de basisschooltijd..................................................................................42
basisles 8: deel 5: de adolescentie................................................................................................................ 43
14. de fysieke ontwikkeling.................................................................................................................................43
14.3 bedreigingen van het welzijn van adolescenten.....................................................................................43
15. de cognitieve ontwikkeling in de adolescentie.............................................................................................46
15.1 de intellectuele ontwikkeling..................................................................................................................46
15.2 de morele ontwikkeling...........................................................................................................................47
basisles 9..................................................................................................................................................... 49
15.3 schoolprestaties en cognitieve ontwikkeling..........................................................................................49
15.4 keuze van een beroep.............................................................................................................................49
16. de sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling en de persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de adolescentie......................50
16.1 identiteit: een antwoord op de vraag ‘wie ben ik?’................................................................................50
16.3 relaties: familie en vrienden....................................................................................................................52
Basisles 10................................................................................................................................................... 53
16.4 verkering, seksuele geaardheid en genderidentiteit..............................................................................54
1. de fysieke ontwikkeling in de volwassenheid..................................................................................................55
1.1 het climacterium.......................................................................................................................................55
2. benaderingen postformeel denken.................................................................................................................56
2.1 evolutie van intellectuele vermogens.......................................................................................................56
3. de sociale en persoonlijkheids-ontwikkeling in de volwassenheid.................................................................57
3.1 de psychosociale theorie van erikson.......................................................................................................57
3.2 de partnerrelatie.......................................................................................................................................57
basisles 11................................................................................................................................................... 59
Ontwikkelingspsychologie 2021-2022 Kara Steppe
, 3.3 ouderschap................................................................................................................................................59
3.4 ontwikkelingen in het gezin......................................................................................................................59
3.5 beroepscarrière.........................................................................................................................................60
3.6 zelfbeeld en eigenwaarde.........................................................................................................................60
1. beeldvorming over ouderen............................................................................................................................61
2. de fysieke ontwikkeling in oudere volwassenheid..........................................................................................61
3. de cognitieve ontwikkeling in de oudere volwassenheid................................................................................62
3.1 het klassieke intelligentieonderzoek.........................................................................................................62
3.2 competent ouder worden.........................................................................................................................62
basisles 12................................................................................................................................................... 63
4. de sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de volwassenheid...................................................................63
4.1 de psychosociale theorie van erikson.......................................................................................................63
4.2 het grootouderschap.................................................................................................................................63
4.3 de pensionering.........................................................................................................................................64
4.4 het levenseinde / de dood........................................................................................................................65
specialisatieles 1.......................................................................................................................................... 68
3. het begin van het leven...................................................................................................................................68
3.1 erfelijkheid.................................................................................................................................................68
3.2 de interactie tussen erfelijkheid en omgeving..........................................................................................69
3.3 prenatale groei en verandering.................................................................................................................71
specialisatieles 2: MOTORISCHE EN FYSIEKE ONTWIKKELING DOORHEEN DE LEVENSLOOP...........................73
4. geboorte en complicaties bij de geboorte......................................................................................................73
4.1 geboorte....................................................................................................................................................73
4.2 complicaties bij geboorte..........................................................................................................................74
5. babytijd: motorische ontwikkeling..................................................................................................................75
5.1 groei en ontwikkeling................................................................................................................................75
5.2 de motorische ontwikkeling......................................................................................................................75
8. peuter-en kleutertijd: fysieke ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................77
8.1 fysieke groei..............................................................................................................................................77
8.2 MOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING..................................................................................................................78
11. schooltijd: fysieke ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................79
11.1 het groeiende lichaam.............................................................................................................................79
14. adolescentie: fysieke ontwikkeling...............................................................................................................80
14.1 fysieke rijping..........................................................................................................................................80
specialisatieles 3: DE CREATIEF-EXPRESSIEVE ONTWIKKELING, deel 1...........................................................81
1. fantasie...........................................................................................................................................................81
1.1 Kenmerken van fantasie bij 2- tot 4-jarigen..............................................................................................82
1.2 Motieven om te fantaseren......................................................................................................................82
1.3 Fantasievriendjes.......................................................................................................................................83
1.4 Verzinsels van anderen.............................................................................................................................83
1.5 Onderscheid fantasie – werkelijkheid.......................................................................................................83
Ontwikkelingspsychologie 2021-2022 Kara Steppe
, 2. TEKENONTWIKKELING....................................................................................................................................84
2.1 Verschillende stadia in tekenen................................................................................................................84
SPECIALISATIELES 4: DE CREATIEF-EXPRESSIEVE ONTWIKKELING, deel 2.......................................................86
1. Kenmerken van spel........................................................................................................................................86
2. Functies van het spel voor de ontwikkeling van het kind...............................................................................86
2.1 VOOR DE COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING....................................................................................................86
2.2 voor de emotionele ontwikkeling.............................................................................................................86
2.3 voor de sociale ontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................86
2.4 voor de zintuigelijke en motorische ontwikkeling....................................................................................87
3. Spelontwikkeling: een geïntegreerde indeling................................................................................................87
4. Fantasiespel nader bekeken............................................................................................................................88
5. Gezelschapsspel nader bekeken......................................................................................................................89
6. Wat met gamen?............................................................................................................................................89
7. Samenspel: spel en de sociale ontwikkeling...................................................................................................90
specialisatieles 5: taal.................................................................................................................................. 90
De taalontwikkeling............................................................................................................................................90
Terminologie...................................................................................................................................................91
De prelinguale fase..........................................................................................................................................91
Vroeglinguale fase (1 – 2,5 jaar)......................................................................................................................92
De differentiatiefase (2,5 – 5 jaar)..................................................................................................................93
De voltooiingsfase (5-9 jaar)...........................................................................................................................94
Het ontstaan van taal.........................................................................................................................................95
Joint Attention.................................................................................................................................................95
specialisatieles 6: Onderwijs, lezen, schrijven en rekenen.............................................................................96
onderwijs wereldwijd: wie mag er naar school?.................................................................................................96
onderwijstrends: meer dan lezen, schrijven en rekenen.....................................................................................96
SCHOOLRIJPHEID: WANNEER IS EEN KIND KLAAR VOOR SCHOOL?...................................................................97
Lezen: het ontcijferen van de betekenis van woorden........................................................................................98
Leesstadia: ontwikkeling van geletterdheid....................................................................................................99
Ontwikkelingspsychologie 2021-2022 Kara Steppe
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