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EARTH SCIENCE GRADE 10 LESSONS
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This document consists of Earth Science Lessons. Grade 10 1st quarter lessons. 13-page document.
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MODULE 1-PLATE TECTONICS the planet, called the crust, and theLesson 1- The Earth’s Lithosphere uppermost part of the next-lower layer,
The lithosphere is where we live. Many the mantle. The rocks that make up the
geologic events happen in this part that lithosphere respond to the forces they
affect our lives. In this lesson, you will are subjected to. Stones tend to break
learn more about this important part of under stress at the relatively low
our planet. temperatures found near the Earth's
surface. Farther down, as temperature
and pressure increase, the more likely
rocks will be able to accommodate
stress by changing shape, compressing,
stretching, and bending rather than
breaking.
Lesson 2-The Earth’s Crust
The Earth's crust is just a thin layer
surrounding our world. Although
it is the only part of the Earth any of us
see, it makes up just one percent of the
planet's total volume.
What is a Lithosphere?
The name 'lithosphere' comes from the
Greek words lithos, meaning 'rocky,' and
spheros, meaning 'sphere.' Lithosphere
is the solid crust or the hard top layer of
the earth. It is made up of rocks and
minerals. It is covered by a thin layer of
soil.
What is the Earth’s Crust
Properties of a lithosphere The outermost layer of the Earth is
We can consider the occurrence and called the crust. It's thinner than the
global location of volcanoes, other layers, and It's a little bit like the
earthquakes, and mountain ranges as peel of an orange. The crust is broken
well as the shape and present location into several pieces, called tectonic
of the seven continents through the plates. These plates move relative to
movement of large pieces of the each other, so the crust's surface
lithosphere. constantly changes.
The lithosphere is made up of rocks
from two of the Earth's significant layers.
It contains all of the outer, thin shells of
, The Two Types of Crust Granite- is a mineral that's a major
● Oceanic crust- is the crust that component of continental crust. The
is under the world's oceans. crust of the continents is also much
Oceanic crust is denser and older than oceanic crust. Unlike the
heavier than continental crust.It ocean floor, continental crust is not
is made mostly of basaltic rock. constantly reforming. You can find rocks
Basalt- is a volcanic rock and it forms as old as four billion years in continental
the oceanic crust as the mantle, the crust.
molten rock under the crust, wells up
and hardens. This happens at
mid-ocean ridges where the crust is
being pulled apart due to the motion of
tectonic plates. Oceanic crust is about
four miles thick.
Properties of Continental Crust
1. Layer of rock which forms the
continents
2. Also forms shallow seabed close
to shore (continental shelf)
3. Floats on top part of the mantle
Properties of Oceanic Crust (asthenosphere)
1. A thin layer of crust that underlies 4. Older than oceanic crust, mostly
the ocean basins. granite rock
2. Consists mainly of basalt. 5. Thicker and less dense than
3. Younger than continental crust. oceanic crust
4. More dense than continental Remember:
crust. Because oceanic crust is denser than
continental crust, it is always sinking
● Continental crust is a thicker relative to the continents. New ocean
and older part of the Earth's crust forms at mid-ocean ridges,
crust.The depth of continental but old ocean crust gets recycled in
crust varies more than oceanic regions called subduction zones.
crust and can be anywhere These are tectonic plate boundaries at
between six and 47 miles thick. which two plates are moving toward
The rocks that make up each other, rather than pulling apart.
continental crust are less dense When oceanic crust meets continental
and heavy than basaltic ocean crust at a subduction zone, the heavier
crust. oceanic crust sinks under the continent
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