Theme 9: Growth and development. A complete summary of all exam material!
4 views 0 purchase
Course
Thema 9 Groei En Ontwikkeling
Institution
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Upon recommendation of my fellow students, I now sell my summaries! In this summary, I use a lot of images, tables and enumerations. This means you don't have to read long pieces of boring and complicated text. This summary contains all the material of the books, lectures and learning objectives. T...
,Inhoud
Week 33: Growing up healthy ................................................................................................................. 5
Interprofessional collaboration in primary care ................................................................................. 5
Diabetes ........................................................................................................................................... 5
A history of social medicine................................................................................................................. 6
Health and culture ........................................................................................................................... 6
The rise of surveillance medicine .................................................................................................... 8
Healthy childhood ............................................................................................................................. 11
Lifestyle, children and community health policies ............................................................................ 12
GGD ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Health ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Early life stress ................................................................................................................................... 17
Stress network ............................................................................................................................... 17
Research: epigenetics .................................................................................................................... 17
Early detections of consequences of early life stress.................................................................... 18
Targets for preventative interventions ......................................................................................... 19
Week 34: Child with abnormal gait ....................................................................................................... 20
Paediatric orthopaedics..................................................................................................................... 20
Antalgic gait ................................................................................................................................... 20
Hiel vagus ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg length discrepancy .................................................................................................................. 23
Anatomy ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Movements ................................................................................................................................... 26
Musculoskeletal elements of the pelvis ........................................................................................ 27
The lower limb ............................................................................................................................... 31
Normal motor skills ........................................................................................................................... 60
Phases: ........................................................................................................................................... 60
Cerebral palsy ................................................................................................................................ 61
Developmental coordination disorder .......................................................................................... 62
Exercise poverty ............................................................................................................................ 62
Hip dysplasia ...................................................................................................................................... 63
Orthopaedic hips disorders ............................................................................................................... 68
Club foot ............................................................................................................................................ 70
Skeletal dysplasia: medical genetics.................................................................................................. 72
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita ...................................................................................... 72
Osteogenesis imperfecta ............................................................................................................... 73
2
, Child rehabilitation ............................................................................................................................ 74
Cerebral palsy ................................................................................................................................ 74
Week 35: The developmentally delayed child ...................................................................................... 77
Normal growth .................................................................................................................................. 77
Disorders of growth........................................................................................................................... 79
Normal development ........................................................................................................................ 80
Physical development.................................................................................................................... 80
Developmental milestones............................................................................................................ 80
Disorders of development ................................................................................................................. 82
Developmental surveillance .......................................................................................................... 82
Evaluation of the child with special needs ........................................................................................ 85
Multifaceted team assessment of complex problems .................................................................. 85
Management of developmental problems ................................................................................... 86
Failure to thrive ................................................................................................................................. 87
Psychosocial short stature ............................................................................................................. 87
Child abuse and neglect .................................................................................................................... 88
Child maltreatment ....................................................................................................................... 88
Diet of the normal infant ................................................................................................................... 90
Obesity............................................................................................................................................... 92
Paediatric undernutrition .................................................................................................................. 93
Signs of nutritional deficiency disorders ....................................................................................... 94
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, intracranial haemorrhage and seizures .................................. 96
Neonatal seizures .......................................................................................................................... 96
Intracranial haemorrhage.............................................................................................................. 97
Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy .............................................................................................. 97
Congenital infections ......................................................................................................................... 99
Oesophagus and stomach ............................................................................................................... 102
Gastroesophageal reflux ............................................................................................................. 102
Eosinophilic oesophagitis ............................................................................................................ 102
Oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula .................................................................. 102
Oesophageal foreign bodies ........................................................................................................ 102
Caustic injuries and pill ulcers ..................................................................................................... 103
Pyloric stenosis ............................................................................................................................ 103
Peptic disease .............................................................................................................................. 104
Cyclic vomiting syndrome............................................................................................................ 104
Intestinal tract ................................................................................................................................. 105
3
, Malrotation ................................................................................................................................. 105
Intestinal atresia .......................................................................................................................... 105
Other congenital disorders .......................................................................................................... 105
Inflammatory bowel disease ....................................................................................................... 105
Coeliac disease ............................................................................................................................ 106
Intussusception ........................................................................................................................... 106
Appendicitis ................................................................................................................................. 107
Pancreatic disease ........................................................................................................................... 108
Pancreatic insufficiency ............................................................................................................... 108
Acute pancreatitis ....................................................................................................................... 108
Chronic pancreatitis .................................................................................................................... 108
Neurologic abnormalities ................................................................................................................ 109
Weakness and hypotonia ................................................................................................................ 115
Diseases of the upper motor neuron .......................................................................................... 115
Diseases of the lower motor neuron........................................................................................... 115
Neonatal and infantile hypotonia ............................................................................................... 116
Stroke in childhood...................................................................................................................... 117
Ataxia and movement disorders ..................................................................................................... 118
Ataxia ........................................................................................................................................... 118
Movement disorders ................................................................................................................... 118
Neurodegenerative disorders ......................................................................................................... 120
Hereditary and metabolic degenerative diseases ....................................................................... 120
Acquired illnesses mimicking degenerative diseases .................................................................. 121
Neurocutaneous disorders .............................................................................................................. 122
Neurofibromatosis type I ............................................................................................................ 122
Tuberous sclerosis complex ........................................................................................................ 122
Sturge-Weber syndrome ............................................................................................................. 122
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system .............................................................. 123
Congenital anomalies of the spinal cord ..................................................................................... 123
Congenital malformations of the brain ....................................................................................... 123
Week 36: Child with a behavioural disorder ....................................................................................... 124
Autism spectrum disorder ............................................................................................................... 124
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder .......................................................................................... 127
Pharmacology in ADHD ................................................................................................................... 131
4
,Week 33: Growing up healthy
Interprofessional collaboration in primary care
= needed for adequate prevention: also role of the GP
Diabetes
= treated by the GP, but also:
• Primary care practice assistant
• Doctor’s assistant: measuring + checks
• Pharmacist
• Physiotherapist
• Podiatrist
• Dietician
• Internist
• Nurse practitioner
• Eye doctor
Combination of all these domains: huge improvement of diabetes care in the Netherlands
→ diabetes patients have a similar life expectancy as people without diabetes
Aim of diabetes treatment = prevention of cardiovascular disease
Time to change a sedentary lifestyle to an active one = 3-6 months → guidance of the
physiotherapist
5
,A history of social medicine
Health and culture
Time: continuity and change
Hippocratic/galenic medicine (450 BC- 1858 AD):
• Health = balance of humours
• Disease = disbalance of humours
6 “res non-naturales”
1. Airs, waters and places: environment
2. Food and drink: diet
3. Sleeping and waking
4. Exercise and relaxation/rest
5. Evacuations
6. Passions: state of mind
→ preserving balance by regulating these non-naturals: regiment for healthy living/ageing
= hygiene, exercise, diet and temperance
Health = “the good life” → big business!
Ca. 1800: increased attention for a healthy lifestyle → enlightenment ideals, industrialisation
and urbanisation: public health, sanitary reforms and public education
6
,1948-present:
• WHO definition of health: “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
• Positive health (Huber et al. 2011): “The ability to adapt and self manage in face of
social, physical and emotional challenges”
• 2 cultural shifts:
o Increasing preoccupation with health
o Individualisation of malleability and responsibility
“Doing better, feeling worse”: health + life expectany go up
→ but also
• Concerns about health
• Use of and dependence on healthcare provisions
• Worried well
Epidemiological transition:
• From infectious to chronic disease: ageing population → shift of objectives of
medicine
• Not only demography: different attitude towards chronic/degenerative diseases
• Paradigm of risk factors:
o Lifestyle factors
o Asymptomatic diseases
o Subjectively healthy but highly medicated individuals
o Blurring of distinction of health/disease
Diseases of affluence:
• Secularisation: the importance attached to health appears to be inversely related to
the acceptance of finiteness, transience and mortality (Ten Have et al.)
• Too high expectations of life, health and happiness:
o Medical progress
o Prosperity: cure model → health model = well-being
• Erosion of traditional authorities, structures and communities
• From collective measures to individual autonomy/responsibility
• Malleability of society → malleability of own life
• Commercialisation and technology
Commercialisation: Rathenau Institute
→ “The common objective used to be guaranteed in the doctor-patient relationship. But the
creators of apps have a commercial mindset. Soon the question will no longer be: ‘What is
health?’, but: ‘Who defines health?’.
The rise of surveillance medicine
Context: public health, state and society in the 20th/21th century
→ wisdom and sophistication regarding lifestyle medicine: model of surveillance medicine
as analytical tool
Expansion and increase of scale: medicine was traditionally small scale disaggregated,
restricted and piecemeal in its operations:
• Medicine used to be atomised, a jumble of patient-doctor transactions
• Practitioners were mainly self-employed, with at most a tiny back-up team
• Patient-doctor relations typically involved a personal contact initiated by the sick
person calling in a physician or a surgeon
→ Hippocratic triangle: doctor, patient and disease/illness
Medicine has now turned into the proverbial Leviathan:
• Comparable to military machine or the civil service
• In many case no less business and money oriented than the great oligopolistic
corporations
8
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KatieZara. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.60. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
