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Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschap Communicatiewetenschappen
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Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschap Communicatiewetenschappen
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lOMoARcPSD|15781725Communicatiewetenschap
H2 : BASISCONCEPTEN EN MODELLEN.....................................................................................................................9
1. INLEIDING..........................................................................................................................................................9
2. WAT IS COMMUNICATIE ?................................................................................................................................9
3. BREEKPUNTEN.................................................................................................................................................10
intentionaliteit............................................................................................................................................10
geslaagdheid...............................................................................................................................................10
richting........................................................................................................................................................10
observatieniveau.........................................................................................................................................11
4. ELEMENTEN COMMUNICATIEPROCES............................................................................................................11
zender (technisch apparaat) / bron (persoon)...........................................................................................11
ontvanger (technisch apparaat) / bestemmeling (persoon).......................................................................11
boodschap...................................................................................................................................................12
signaal.........................................................................................................................................................13
kanaal..........................................................................................................................................................13
medium / media..........................................................................................................................................13
ruis...............................................................................................................................................................14
feedback......................................................................................................................................................15
5. COMMUNICATIEMODELLEN...........................................................................................................................15
lasswell : communicatieformule (1948)......................................................................................................15
shannon & weaver : mathematisch model (1949)......................................................................................16
defleur : verdere uitwerking model shannon & weaver (1970).................................................................16
osgood & schramm : circulair model (1954)...............................................................................................17
dance : spiraal (1967)..................................................................................................................................17
gerbner : algemeen model..........................................................................................................................17
Newcomb : ABX-model (1953)....................................................................................................................18
Westley & macleans : aanpassing model newcomb...................................................................................18
eerste aanpassing....................................................................................................................................18
tweede aanpassing..................................................................................................................................19
maletzke : massacommunicatiemodel (1963)............................................................................................19
carey : ritueel model (1975)........................................................................................................................20
mcquail : aandachtsmodel (1987)...............................................................................................................20
6. DOCUMENTAIRE : CODES OF GENDER............................................................................................................21
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H3. VERBALE COMMUNICATIE = communicatie via woorden................................................................................22
1. INLEIDING........................................................................................................................................................22
2. KENMERKEN ‘NATUURLIJKE TAAL’..................................................................................................................22
taal is symbolisch (signifiant + signifié).......................................................................................................22
taal is een kennisgeheel..............................................................................................................................22
taal bestaat uit regels en is productief.......................................................................................................23
taal beïnvloedt ons beeld van de werkelijkheid.........................................................................................23
3. TAALVORMEN.................................................................................................................................................23
4. STUDIE VAN TAAL............................................................................................................................................24
5. SUBSYSTEMEN VAN TAAL...............................................................................................................................24
fonologie – klankenstysteem......................................................................................................................24
semantiek – woorden.................................................................................................................................25
syntaxis – zinnen.........................................................................................................................................25
pragmatiek – sociale context......................................................................................................................25
functioneel structuralisme (jakobson)....................................................................................................26
Speech acts theory (taalhandelingstheorie)...........................................................................................26
6. PRAGMATISCHE STIJLEN EN STUCTUREN.......................................................................................................26
7. INTERACTIEF DISCOURS: coherentie en structuur..........................................................................................27
coördinatie van conversatiebijdragen........................................................................................................27
small talk.....................................................................................................................................................28
8. TAAL EN SOCIALE IDENTITEIT..........................................................................................................................29
9. TAAL EN CULTURELE VERSCHILLEN.................................................................................................................29
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H4. NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE = de manier waarop men iets zegt, de toon................................................30
1. KENMERKEN NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE...............................................................................................30
(on)bedoeld.................................................................................................................................................30
verschillende codes.....................................................................................................................................30
onmiddellijk, continue en natuurlijk...........................................................................................................31
universeel (aangeboren) en cultureel (aangeleerd)...................................................................................31
2. WAARVOOR IS NON-VERBALE COMMUNCIATIE BELANGRIJK........................................................................31
eerste indrukken.........................................................................................................................................31
relationele informatie.................................................................................................................................31
emoties uitdrukken.....................................................................................................................................32
3. NON-VERBALE VS. VERBALE COMMUNICATIE................................................................................................32
minder controleerbaar................................................................................................................................32
fylogenese...................................................................................................................................................32
interactie.....................................................................................................................................................32
4. KINESICS..........................................................................................................................................................33
categorieën kinesics (ekman en friesen).....................................................................................................33
lichaamshouding.........................................................................................................................................33
gelaatsuitdrukkingen...................................................................................................................................34
ooggedrag...................................................................................................................................................34
5. PROXEMICS: TERRIOTRIALITEIT EN RUIMTEGEBRUIK.....................................................................................34
soorten territoria en inbreuken..................................................................................................................34
ruimtegebruik: zit- en kantoorindeling.......................................................................................................35
persoonlijke ruimte.....................................................................................................................................35
6. HAPTICS...........................................................................................................................................................36
7. CHRONEMICS..................................................................................................................................................36
8. FYSIEKE KENMERKEN......................................................................................................................................36
9. PARALINGUÏSTIEK............................................................................................................................................37
10. HOE ZIET NON-VERBALE COMMUNICATIE ERUIT IN EEN ONLINE CONTEXT...............................................38
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H5. INTERPERSOONLIJKE & GROEPSCOMMUNICATIE............................................................................................39
1. INTERPERSOONLIJKE COMMUNICATIE...........................................................................................................39
1.1 speciale vorm van dyadische communicatie............................................................................................39
1.2 de ontwikkeling van interpersoonlijke relaties.........................................................................................40
toenaderings – en verwijderingsfasen........................................................................................................40
interpersoonlijke aantrekkingskracht: de filtertheorie..............................................................................41
zelfonthulling in de ontwikkeling van interpersoonlijke relaties................................................................42
online interacties.........................................................................................................................................43
1.3 (potentiële) probleemaspecten binnen relaties.......................................................................................43
2. GROEPSCOMMUNICATIE................................................................................................................................44
2.1 wat is een groep?......................................................................................................................................44
omvang van groepen..................................................................................................................................44
aard van de groep.......................................................................................................................................44
groepsstructuur...........................................................................................................................................45
groepsleiderschap.......................................................................................................................................45
2.2 groepsprocessen.......................................................................................................................................46
het binnenkomen in een groep...................................................................................................................46
groepsontwikkeling.....................................................................................................................................46
groepsnormen en conformisme.................................................................................................................47
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