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Samenvatting Politicologie Rechten
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Samenvatting Politicologie Rechten
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By: winievandenbrande • 1 year ago
By: rechtenstudent0110 • 11 months ago
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PoliticologieInhoud.........................................................................................................................................2
H1: Wat is politiek?.....................................................................................................................7
1. Inleiding............................................................................................................................7
2. Wat is politiek? Op zoek naar een omschrijving..............................................................7
2.1 Oorsprong van het begrip.........................................................................................7
2.2 Bevolking op een territorium...................................................................................7
2.3 Van nachtwaker naar nanny.....................................................................................8
3. Geschiedenis van politiek................................................................................................8
4. Indelingen: essentially contested concept?.....................................................................9
4.1 Indeling 1: de dimensie van Heywood (NK).............................................................9
4.2 Indeling 2: domein- en aspectbenaderingen (NK)....................................................9
5. De relativiteit van indelingen: Over Schmitt & Easton....................................................9
5.1 Carl Schmitt...............................................................................................................9
5.2 David Easton...........................................................................................................10
5.3 Omschrijving van politiek: naar een synthese........................................................12
5.4 Politiek en conflicten..............................................................................................12
H2: De wetenschap der politiek................................................................................................14
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................14
2. De wetenschappelijke studie van politiek.....................................................................14
2.1 Zijn politieke wetenschappen een wetenschap?...................................................14
2.2 Kan een politicoloog objectief zijn?........................................................................16
2.3 Een discipline met taalproblemen..........................................................................17
3. Benaderingen in de wetenschap der politiek................................................................18
3.1 Inleiding (NK)..........................................................................................................18
3.2 Behavioralisme.......................................................................................................18
3.3 Institutionalisme.....................................................................................................19
3.4 Rationele-keuzebenaderingen................................................................................22
3.5 Systeembenaderingen............................................................................................25
3.6 Interpretatieve, constructivistische benaderingen................................................27
3.7 Structurele (-functionalistische benaderingen)......................................................28
3.8 Marxisme................................................................................................................30
,H3: Ideologieën.........................................................................................................................32
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1. Inleiding (NK)..................................................................................................................32
2. Een oud, felbediscussieerd concept..............................................................................32
2.1 Geschiedenis van het concept ideologie....................................................................32
2.2 Discussie over ideologie (NK)......................................................................................33
3. Wat is ideologie..............................................................................................................33
4. Morfologie van ideologieën...........................................................................................33
5. Links en rechts: een GPS in de politiek?........................................................................34
5.1 Oorsprong van links-rechts.........................................................................................34
5.2 Relevantie van links-rechts.........................................................................................35
5.3 Ontdubbeling van links-rechts....................................................................................36
6. Een beknopt overzicht van enkele ideologieën.............................................................37
6.1 Inleiding.......................................................................................................................37
6.2 Liberalisme..................................................................................................................37
6.3 Conservatisme.............................................................................................................39
6.4 Socialisme....................................................................................................................42
6.5 Nationalisme...............................................................................................................44
6.6 Ecologisme..................................................................................................................45
7. Is er nog een toekomst voor ideologieën......................................................................47
7.1 Het einde van ideologie (NK.......................................................................................47
7.2 En het populisme dan?...............................................................................................47
8. Uitleiding........................................................................................................................47
H4: Macht..................................................................................................................................48
1. Inleiding: macht is een moeilijk vak...............................................................................48
2. Wat is macht?................................................................................................................48
2.1 De bestandsdelen van macht: de visie van Dennis Wrong....................................49
3. Vormen van macht.........................................................................................................50
4. Bronnen van macht........................................................................................................50
5. Dimensies van macht.....................................................................................................50
5.1 De eerste dimensie: het pluralisme........................................................................51
5.2 De tweede dimensie: kritiek op het pluralisme van Barach & Baratz....................51
5.3 De derde dimensie: de visie van Steven Lukes...........................................................52
6. Potentiële, ‘onzichtbare’ macht?...................................................................................53
, 7. Structurele macht (NK)..................................................................................................53
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8. Hoe macht meten?........................................................................................................53
8.1 De reputatiemethode.................................................................................................54
8.2 Decisie- of besluitvormingsmethode..........................................................................54
8.3 Het effectenonderzoek...............................................................................................54
8.4 De positiemethode/netwerkonderzoek.....................................................................55
8.5 Meting van macht in termen van machtsbronnen.....................................................55
H5: Elite.....................................................................................................................................56
1. Inleiding: betekenis van de studie van elites.................................................................56
1.1 Studie van elites is de studie van macht en dus de studie van onze smlv (NK).....56
1.2 Elites zijn niet per se problematisch, politieke elites zijn niet alleen (NK).............56
1.3 België is een elitair politiek systeem......................................................................56
2. Elite: oorsprong, beschrijving en criteria.......................................................................56
2.1 Oorsprong (NK).......................................................................................................56
2.2 Beschrijving.............................................................................................................56
2.3 Criteria....................................................................................................................57
2.4 Veel onderzoek over elites, minder theorie...........................................................57
3. ‘Rule by all’, ‘rule by many’ of ‘rule by the happy few’?...............................................57
3.1 En het marxisme dan? (NK)....................................................................................57
3.2 Het pluralisme (rule by all).....................................................................................57
3.3 Het elitiesme (Happy few)......................................................................................60
3.4 Het (neo)corporatisme...........................................................................................62
4. Hedendaags eliteonderzoek (NK)..................................................................................65
5. Procesbenadering van politieke rekrutering: Pippa Norris...........................................65
6. Selectie van kandidaten.................................................................................................67
6.1 Methodes van kandidatenselectie.........................................................................68
7. Politieke carrières (NK)..................................................................................................68
H6: Macht in vele handen.........................................................................................................69
1. Inleiding..........................................................................................................................69
2. Politieke cultuur.............................................................................................................69
2.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................69
2.2 Wat is ‘politieke cultuur’.........................................................................................69
2.3 The Civic Culture.....................................................................................................70
, 2.4 Subculturen en breuklijnen....................................................................................72
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3. Politieke socialisatie.......................................................................................................76
3.1 Mensen zijn geen computers.................................................................................76
3.2 Wat is politieke socialisatie....................................................................................76
3.3 Socialisatieagenten (NK).........................................................................................76
3.4 Een heel leven lang (NK).........................................................................................76
4. Politieke participatie......................................................................................................76
4.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................76
4.2 Verschillende benaderingen en evolutie van het concept.....................................77
4.3 Vormen van politieke participatie..........................................................................78
4.4 Verklaringen voor de variatie in politieke participatie...........................................79
4.5 Stemgedrag.............................................................................................................79
5. Sociale bewegingen.......................................................................................................82
5.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................................82
5.2 Begripsafbakening..................................................................................................82
6. Uitleiding........................................................................................................................83
H7: Politieke partijen................................................................................................................84
1. Inleiding: wat is een politieke partij...............................................................................84
2. Het ontstaan van politieke partijen...............................................................................85
2.1 De institutionele benadering......................................................................................85
2.2 Het traditionele breuklijnenmodel.............................................................................86
2.3 Naar nieuwe breuklijnen.............................................................................................88
3. Typologieën van partijen...............................................................................................89
3.1 Kaderpartijen vs. massapartijen.................................................................................90
3.2 De catch-all party........................................................................................................91
3.3 Massabureaucratische vs. electroaal-professionele partijen.....................................92
3.4 Cartel parties...............................................................................................................93
3.5 Business-firm parties...................................................................................................94
3.6 Partijtypes in meerlagigheid franchise en stratarchie................................................95
4. Functies en disfuncties van partijen..............................................................................96
4.1 De programmatische functies.....................................................................................97
4.2 Positionele partijfuncties............................................................................................98
4.3 Civiele functies............................................................................................................98
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