Human nature – gender differences are created by men within society; they are not natural
The state – it reinforces a culture that prevents women from expressing their true freedom
and identity
Society – her existentialism dominated her feminism – social constraints prevent individuals
from attaining self-realisation and true freedom
The economy – men's domination of economic life restricts women's choices
bell hooks (intersectionality & post-modern feminism)
Human nature – women in common with men have multiple identities and therefore
experience multiple forms of oppression
The state – state is dominated by white males so reflects and reinforces their dominant
position in society
Society – society is full of complex relationships between different minorities – in order to
resolve social conflict = love and understanding between minorities must be cultivated
The economy – women living in poor conditions have problems that middle class women do
not face – the liberation of women has to be economic too
Shelia Rowbotham (socialist)
Human nature – women’s consciousness of the world is created by men
The state – the state is servant of capitalism which adds to the oppression of women
Society – society is economically determined – society reflects the dominant position of
capitalism and men in general
The economy – Marxists perspective = women are a low paid reserve army of labour
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (socialist with some liberal ideas)
Human nature – biological differences between men and women are negligible & women
can compete equally with men
The state – no distinctive views on the state
Society – society has always assigned inferior roles to women – in modern society this no
longer has any justification
The economy – the domestic servitude of women allowed men to dominate the outside
economic world
Kate Millet (radical)
Human nature – women are capable of freeing themselves from male oppression by
engaging in lesbian relationships
The state – is the agent of patriarchy – part of the problem
Society – modern society is completely characterised by patriarchy – infests both the private
and public sphere
The economy – not a socialist but some of her ideas about specifically working-class women
needing to gain more freedom
Extra thinkers -
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