Apuntes sobre el Neoconductismo que incluyen; Contexto histórico, Principios, objeto de estudio y metodología, información acerca de sus máximos exponentes (Tolman, Clark L. Hull, Edwin Ray Guthrie y Skinner) y por último, el declive del neoconductismo.
Uxue Alonso, Ane Gonzalez, Paula Miquélez de Mendiluce, María Jesús Pérez, Jon Sánchez y
Rodrigo Villaverde
Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Deusto
Psicología: Historia, Ciencia, Profesión
Laura Merino Ramos
9 de Noviembre de 2021
, ÍNDICE
1. Introducción………………………………………………………………………………………………...02
1.1 Contexto histórico………………………………………………………………………………..02
1.2 Principios, objeto de estudio y metodología…………………………………………………..02
2. Tolman……………………………………………………………………………………………………….03
2.1 Desarrollo y etapas de la psicología de Tolman……………………………………………...03
2.1.1 Nueva formula del conductismo…………………………………………………….03
2.1.2 Etapa operacionista……………………….………………………………………….03
2.1.3 Últimos años de trabajo……………………………………………………………...03
2.2 Aprendizaje latente………………………………………………………………………………04
2.3 Aprendizaje de lugar o de respuesta…………………….…………………………………….04
3. Clark L. Hull……………………………………………………...…………………………………....……05
3.1 Su versión del neoconductismo………………………………………………………………...05
3.2 Cambio en los intereses de Hull………………………………………………………………..05
3.3 Aportaciones de Hull……………………………………………………………………………..05
3.4 Hull combina ideas de Thorndike y Pavlov…………………………………………………....06
3.5 Polémica entre Tolman y Hull…………………………………………………………………...06
4. Edwin Ray Guthrie…………………………………………………………………………………...…....06
4.1 El asociacionismo………………………………………………………………………………..07
4.1.1 Aprendizaje por contigüidad…………………………………………………….…...07
4.1.2 Recompensa y castigo……………………………………………………………….07
4.1.3. La influencia de la práctica en el aprendizaje…………………………………….07
4.1.4 El olvido………………………………….…………………………………………….07
4.2 Experimentos: Cajas y Gatos…………………………………………………………………...08
4.3 Huella en la psicología…………………………………………………………………………..08
5. Skinner……………………………………………………………………………………………………....08
5.1 La vida de Skinner……………………………………………………………………………….08
5.2 Conductismo radical…………………………………………………….……………………….08
5.3 Análisis experimental de la conducta………………....……………....……………………….09
5.4 Planteamiento sistemático…………………………..….……………………………………….09
5.5 Condicionamiento operante o instrumental………………………………………….……...9-10
5.6 Programas de refuerzos………………………………………………………………………....11
5.7 La caja de Skinner…………………………………………………………………………..…...12
6. El declive del neoconductismo……………………………………………………………………...12-13
7. Bibliografía………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
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