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Summary HISTORY A LEVEL MAO'S CHINA THEME 4 NOTES (A*) $7.73   Add to cart

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Summary HISTORY A LEVEL MAO'S CHINA THEME 4 NOTES (A*)

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Textbook notes for theme 4 - clear + concise with all necessary detail. great for cramming + essay plans. got me an A*!

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theme 4 - social changes
To what extent did the status of women change between 1949 and 1976?

 Women had little rights - expected to be obedient etc.
 Communists promised the freedom of women
 Communists wanted to destroy family as social unit - followed confucius and was
bourgeoisie

Foot binding

 Breaking toes of young girls and folding to make smaller - seen as attractive
 Officially banned in 1911, but still in practice
 Communists banned it - ended quicker

The marriage law, 1950

 Changed from contractual agreement to a freely entered individual process
 Mao hated arranged marriage - refused his own
 Mao wanted freedom of women and recognised value as half the population
 Main clauses:
o Arranged marriages outlawed
o People forced to marry could divorce
o All marriages and divorces registered with government
o Divorce easier on equal terms
o Women could retain property when married
o Concubinage and polygamy outlawed
 Communists tackled issue quicly with propoganda etc. - shows importance
 However traditional attitudes hard to change, especially in muslim regions - shown by
second campaign in 1953

The impact of collectivisation on women's lives

 1950 Agarian Reform Law - women could own property. Quickly reversed in
collectivisation
 Communes in theory good for women: canteens, kindergartens, laundries etc. freed
them
 However, facilities rarely provided or good standard
 Hard labour put women at disadvantage - earned less work points
 No consideration for pregnancy or menstration
 Women suffered in famine - earned less food and had to feed children. Drove them to
prostitution. Divorces higher and some wives sold

Women and the family

 Communist wanted to destroy family values - seen as confucian.
 Comunes supposed to reduce women's roles as family raisers
 Changes to sudden - women disorientated
 Children and elderly suffered most in famine - extra mouths to feed

,  After famine, men tried to claim back sold wives. Caused chaos for Party
 Family considered one of 'four olds' - parents attacked in Cultural Revolution
 Teenagers seperated from families after Cultural Revolution disrupted the family -
hard to integrate back in
 Party needed to restrict population growth (though Mao liked mass mobilisation)
 1962 - contraceptives made available
 1971 - campaign by Mao to reduce family sizes - family planning

The nature and extent of change

 Arranged marriages decreased sharply - people divorced in unhappy marriages
 Authority of parents replaced with head of work units
 Female employment increased sharply in 5-year plans - however piecework meant
they earnt less
 Hard to move up hierachy, dominated by men
 Still not many women in higher education
 Women expected to fill male roles - not allowed to do their own thing
 Cultural Revolution bad for women - attacks on family and gender issues not
important
 Had to do violent things

The problem of changing traditional views, especially in the countryside

 Most resistance in rural areas, especially western Muslim areas
 Cadres used propoganda in these areas
 All-China Women's Federation trained male cadres
 However, still strong male resistance
 Women not treated equally in agricultural work - heavy labour meant less work points
 Party keen to change, but hard to implement

How successful were the changes made to education and health provision?

 Mao needed educated population to progress economy
 Needed healthy workforce to be more productive

The growth of literacy

 Literacy very low in 1949 - rose gradually
 Little investment in primary education - focused on Korean War
 Mao wanted new system - however elite schools present for Party official's children
 Expansion in technical higher education - some went to Russian universities

Pinyin

 Modernised form of mandarin - helped speed up literacy improvements
 Mandarin hard to learn - symbols and lots of different accents
 Pinyin also facilitated communcation with outside countries

The collapse of education after 1966

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