Summary
Summary Reactions of carbonyl compounds
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reactions of ketones and aldehydes
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REACTIONSOXIDATION
•
only aldehydes can be oxidised
acidic conditions
RCHO + [0 ] → RCOOH
Fehling 's blue → red
alkaline conditions Token 's silver mirror
-0 ④
RCHO + [o ] → R( go + µ
Fehling 's solution and Token 's are
oxidising agents in
alkaline conditions .
Potassium oxidise in acidic
manga rate can
and alkaline conditions .
WHICH IS IT
aldehydes produce red ppt with
Fehling 's ,
silver mirror
with tokens
↳ ketones do neither ; colourless solutions
IODOFORM ( oxidation I
↳ iodine / sodium hydroxide
Of
solution
NaOH
"
CH3
+ I, + →
CH13 % -
nat
+ NAI
+1%0
+312+4NA0H RC00 Nat that t}HzO
-
RCOCH } → CH1 } +
- ~ -
Iodine in
iodoform yellow ppt
.
alkaline ,
•
need ethanol or
methyl ketone .
, +312+4 NA0H →
CH13 + 3N at + 2h20
+ IT ( sodium methanol
- / ' salt )
H
Nato
•
not carboxylic acid because alkaline
conditions / no Ht
requires gentle warming
•
H, / Pt reduces
REDUCTION alkene e- card
( =
0
alcohol
i -
aldehyde carboxylic acid
2° - ketone ( can't oxidise before I
3° no oxidation
•
only aldehydes can be both oxidised arid reduced
LITHIUM ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE
LiAlHy
"
↳ Lit / I
-
.
At ,
4 H
1) dry / anhydrous carbonyl with dry ether ( solvent )
•
" "
•
0 -
-78
-
LIALH , is source of H ions
•
2) complex boiled with dilute HC1 →
releases free alcohol
RCHO + 2[ H ] →
RC11-2OH aldehyde
RC0R 't / [ H ]
'
→
RCHOHR ketone
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