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Psychology A-level OCR: Summary of History of Mental Health (Unit 3 Applied Psychology-Mental Health) $7.99
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Psychology A-level OCR: Summary of History of Mental Health (Unit 3 Applied Psychology-Mental Health)
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Features of the history of mental health for Unit 3 (Mental health) in Psychology A-Level OCR. Answers were model answers given by my teacher or my own answers that have been thoroughly corrected by my teacher.

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  • August 25, 2022
  • 12
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • psychology
  • a levels
  • ocr
  • exam summary
  • exam revision
  • applied psychology
  • mental health

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  • A level Psychology
  • A level Psychology
  • A level Psychology
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History of Mental Health
Area Mental Health (Applied)

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Notes


Historical views of Mental Health
Neolithic times

Cause of mental health: witchcraft + demonic possession

Treatment: trepanning (piercing a hole in the skull to release evil spirits)

Ancient Mesopotamia

Cause of mental illness: demonic possession

Treatment: magico-religious rituals (exorcism, incantation, prayer) done
by priest doctors

Ancient Egyptians

Showed advanced medical thinking in recognising that brain is the site
for mental functions + encouraging mentally ill people to join recreational
activities e.g. dances, concerts

Cause of mental illness: demons + disgruntled Gods

Treatment: magic

Ancient Egyptians + Early Greeks

Cause of hysteria in women: “wandering uterus”

Treatment: vagina was fumigated to lure it back to its proper position

Ancient Greece

Hippocrates created the first classification system for mental illness:
→ Cause: imbalance in bodily fluids (humours): blood, phlegm, black bile,
yellow bile
→ causing disorders like hysteria, mania, paranoia




History of Mental Health 1

, Middle ages (5th - 15th century)

Cause of mental illness: still imbalance in humours

Treatment: laxatives, emetics, leech bleeding to bring back body
equilibrium

17th + 18th century

Treatment: putting mentally ill people in workhouses + madhouse (e.g.
Bedlam)

Early 20th century

Freud’s theory about repressed trauma causing mental illness gained
popularity → treatment of psychoanalysis (talking therapies) were used:
dream analysis, hypnosis, free association to bring repressed thoughts +
feelings to the conscious mind

Modern psychiatric treatment: ECT (patients with depression/Sz) +
lobotomy (brain areas are cut out) + chlorpromazine (Sz patients)

1960s

Asylums lost support of government

Community care model was created


Defining abnormality
Abnormality definition 1: Statistical infrequency

Behavior which is rare is abnormal e.g. having an extremely low IQ
(which only a very small part of the population has) makes it a rare
behavior → person is considered abnormal by statistical infrequency

+) It’s easy to apply where there are reliable measurements: For example, an
IQ of less than 55 would be in 0.1% of the population, therefore it can be
considered abnormal.
-) It’s not useful as it doesn’t consider how people function in society: For
example, it wouldn’t be useful to consider a person with IQ lower than 55 or
higher than 145 abnormal as they may be able to function perfectly well in
their daily life without needing any intervention.




History of Mental Health 2

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