A document covering AQA spec point: 3.2.3.4 Thunderstorms in urban environments
Summary of the causes of urban thunderstorms.
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Urban Thunderstorms
The hot, humid climate of many cities means that the chance of thunderstorms is 25% more
likely in urban areas. Thunderstorms develop in hot, humid air and are accompanied by heavy
rain, thunder and lightning. They tend to develop in the late afternoon and early evening when
heat energy has had a chance to build up.
1) Heating of the air causes the uplift of air which rises through the troposphere.
2) As air rises, it becomes cold and condenses to form clouds.
3) This results in the formation of towering cumulonimbus clouds.
4) Rapid cooling leads to the formation of water droplets and hail which coalesce and
increase in size before they fall.
5) Positive electric charge is released into the air and when it overcomes the resistance of
the clouds it is released as lightning.
6) The sudden increase in temperature and pressure causes thunder.
The tall buildings also increase temperatures which causes low pressure, sucking the air up into
thunderstorms.
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