ATLS Written Review Questions And Answers( With Complete Solution Rated A)
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ATLS Written Review Latest 2021 Graded A ATLS Written Review What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? correct answer- preventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure and providing adequate profusion. After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identifi...
atls written review questions and answers with complete solution rated a
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ATLS Written Review Questions And Answers( With
Complete Solution Rated A)
What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? Correct
Answer: preventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining
blood pressure and providing adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present?
How is this done? Correct Answer: mass lesion that requires surgical
evacuation is critical! this is done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT
should not delay patient transfer to trauma center.
Which brain lobes do the following hold:
1. anterior fossa:
2. middle fossa:
3. posterior fossa: Correct Answer: 1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
What are the 3 layers of the meninges? Correct Answer: dura mater,
arachnoid mater, pia mater
What does the dura mater adhere firmly to? Correct Answer: the skull.
it is tough and fibrous
What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to
enclose large venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? Correct
Answer: dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses:
bilateral transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on?
Correct Answer: The main sinus enclosed by the dura major is the
,midline superior sagital sinus. This splits into the sigmoid and bilateral
transverse sinuses which are larger on the right side.
What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater
(epidural space)? Correct Answer: meningeal arteries.
What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it
located? Correct Answer: middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? Correct Answer:
FALSE: not attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural
hematoma
In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? Correct Answer: injury to
bridging veins that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the
dura.
_______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? Correct
Answer: CSF. this cushions the brain and spinal cord.
What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion
or injury to major blood vessels at base of brain? Correct Answer:
subarachnoid.
The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is
responsible for ____. Correct Answer: midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
What important function resides in the medulla? Correct Answer:
cardiorespiratory centers.
What important functions are in the following brain segments:
1. left hemisphere:
2. frontal lobe:
, 3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal: Correct Answer: 1. left hemisphere: language center
2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
4. temporal: memory functions
What divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial
compartments? Correct Answer: tentorium cerebelli. (tent over
cerebellum)
What is the physiology behind a blown pupil? Correct Answer: blown
pupil: dilation of pupil
-CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that
constrict the pupil run along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe
is herniated, it can compress these fibers. Unapposed sympathetic
activity causes pupillary dilation.
What is the tentorial notch/hiatus Correct Answer: this is where the
midbrain passes through into the infratentorial compartment.
what part of the brain most commonly herniates through the tentorial
notch? Correct Answer: Uncus (medial part of temporal lobe)
does weakness occur on the same or opposite side of the uncal
herniation? Correct Answer: OPPOSITE. the corticospinal tract of the
midbrain is compressed and then crosses at the foramen magnum.
state: Ipsilateral/contralateral
____ pupillary dilation associated with _____ hemiparesis is the classic
sign of uncial herniation. Correct Answer: ipsi
contra
average ICP is _____ mmHg. Correct Answer: 10
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