My notes summarise the stages of attachment in attachment efficiently, sometimes offering a simple explanation and sometimes offering a more detailed approach to the subject.
-Romanian orphans:
This was a study to see the effects of depravation on emotional and intellectual
development.
The former president demanded that Romanian women have five children.
Many parents could not afford to keep their children and so they ended up in an orphanage
that had poor conditions.
-Rutter et al (2011):
Followed a group of 165 Romanian orphans as part of an English Romanian adoptee (ERA)
study.
Aim was to see if good care could make up for poor conditions and early experiences.
Physical, cognitive and emotional development was assessed at ages 4,6,11,15 and 22-25
years old.
A group of 52 children that had been recently adopted served as the control group.
Findings:
When the adoptees arrived in the UK, half showed signs of intellectual delay and the
majority were seriously malnourished.
At age 11, the adopted children began to recover at different rates, depending on how early
they were adopted.
The mean IQ of the children adopted before they were six months old was 102, it was 86 for
the children adopted at six months to two years old, and 77 for those adopted after two
years.
Those adopted after six months showed signs of a particular attachment group known as
disinhibited attachment, which symptoms included attention seeking, clinginess and social
behaviour directed indiscriminately between all adults, known or unfamiliar. The children
adopted before six months rarely showed signs of this behaviour.
-Zeanah et al (2005):
Conducted the Bucharest Early Investigation (BEI) project, assessed attachment in 95
Romanian children aged 12-31 months old who had spent about 90% of their lives in care.
This was compared with a control group of 50 children who had never lived in an institution.
Their attachment was measured using the strange situation.
Carers were asked about unusual social behaviour including clinginess and attention seeking
behaviour directed inappropriately at all adults (measured disinhibited attachment).
Findings:
The control group was found to be 74% securely attached compared to 19% of the
institutionalised children that were found to be securely attached.
The description of disinhibited attachment applied to 44% of the institutionalised children as
opposed to 20% of the control group.
-Effects of institutionalism:
Disinhibited attachment- children are equally affectionate between known adults and
unfamiliar adults. This is highly unusual as children this age have usually developed to show
stranger anxiety. This develops as an adaptation of living with multiple caregivers as they do
not spend enough time with them for them to have a secure attachment.
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