100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary AQA A-Level Geography Population and Environment notes $8.21
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. AQA
  4.  
  5. Geography
  6.  
  7. Population and Environment

Summary

Summary AQA A-Level Geography Population and Environment notes

1 review
 1 purchase
  • Course
  • Population and Environment
  • Institution
  • AQA

Comprehensive revision notes for the AQA A-Level Geography Population and Environment notes. Includes notes from all sub-sections of the textbook and case study information.

Preview 4 out of 34  pages

Document information

  • August 30, 2022
  • 34
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • population
  • ageing population
  • dtm
  • soils
  • malthus
  • technology
  • hydrophonic

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • Geography
  • Population and Environment
All documents for this subject (9)

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: boxallsantallfelix • 4 months ago

Seller

avatar-seller
topmarksrevision

Reviews received

Content preview

Population and the environment:

10.1: Introduction to the relationship between population and the environment:

Ability of place to support a population depends on provision of adequate food supply – achieved -
local food production/trade in food with other areas which have surplus’
- BUT:


Geology -
soils




Factors
affecting food Topography -
Climate -
and energy, soils and
water supply population drainage
size etc




Eco-systems



Also: determine nature of soils, drainage, water supply and hazards

Population change is associated with economic development

Population growth has an impact on the physical environment – degree is determined by level of
resource consumption, standard of living and mitigation measures to reduce negative impacts

Elements in the physical environment:

Climate:
- Most important
- Rainfall, temperature, wind velocity and levels of solar radiation determine food
productivity, type of farming and species selected
- High population density - determined by adequate rainfall - temperatures suitable for crop
growth, animals and photosynthesis
- Also effects disease epidemics – Ebola etc spreads quicker in denser populations

Soils:
- Fertility is key – determines agricultural output + type of farming
- Can be managed artificially in areas with high density - unsustainable as it often causes
eutrophication + increased greenhouse gas emissions
- Areas with high fertility = high population density but rich volcanic soils can be prone to
hazards therefore have low densities

,Water Supply:
- A must for survival – hydration/irrigation purposes + hygiene/sanitation
- Its importance can be seen in Egypt where 95% of its population live within 12 miles of River
Nile

Geology and other resource distributions:
- Concentrations of other resources such as fossil fuels or other valued minerals =
industrialisation + heavily populate areas –resources = depleted = new tertiary industries
emerge

Population Parameters:

Elements of physical environment determine distribution patterns and population density – Egypt’s
population unevenly distributed – Nile Valley density of 1,500+ /km2 - desert areas fewer than
10people/km2

Population change considers population from temporal + spatial perspective

Role of development processes:

Development associated with human ability to acquire + make use of the resources available

Industrial revolution = technological developments = enabled areas to support a larger population
- Increasing ability of human race to control infectious diseases = death rates lower

Rapid population growth + process of development = largely negative impact on the environment
- The impact of individuals = depend where they live, lifestyles + resources/services available

Population theories:

Theories have been grouped in two models
1. Optimistic approach
2. Pessimistic approach

Over population: Too many people in area relative to resources available – high unemployment and
outward migration - Bangladesh

Under population: Too few people in an area to use the resources effectively - Canada

Optimum population: Theoretical its very rare – this is dynamic

Patterns of population growth:
- There are few countries where population is actually decreasing – Japan is actually
decreasing in population size (-0.2% per year)
- The population of Africa is growing rapidly – over 2% a year
- Notable growth is within the LIC’s – Niger has a growth of 4%
- Elsewhere population growth is increasing between 0.5-1.5%

Measures of population:

Birth rate: The total number of live births per 1,000 population per year

,Death Rate: The average number of deaths per 1,000 of a population per year
Infant mortality rate: The number of children who die before their first birthday per 1,000 live births
per year
Life expectancy: The average number of years a person born in a particular year in a location is
expected to live
Fertility rate: Births per 1000 women, categorized according to a specific composition of mothers in
the population

10.2: Environment and population

Key Terms:

Agricultural productivity: The ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs
Agriculture: The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing crops
and the rearing of animals to provide food and other resources
Climate: A regions long-term weather patterns – this is measured in average precipitation, max/min
temperatures, humidity etc
Food security: Exists when all people at all times have access to reliable, sufficient, safe and
nutritious food to maintain a healthy life
Salinisation: The build-up of salts in soil eventually leading to toxic levels for plants
Zonal soil: A soil which has experienced the maximum effect of climate and natural vegetation upon
the parent rock

- Amount + type of food produced varies– depends upon two variables
1. Environmental – climate and soils
2. Human factors

Global and regional patterns of food production and consumption:

Food production does not constitute food consumption

In 1960s global food supplies for humans = 2,300 calories per person per day – unevenly distributed
- HIC’s average was 3,030
- LIC’s average below 2,000 – more than half the people suffered from under-nutrition

By 2010, global population had increased by x2 ½ - world can only provide 2,800 calories per day –
but 800 million people still suffered under nutrition –enough food to adequately feed all population

Gains came from:
- The package of technologies – ‘green revolution’ – increased use of new, high yielding crop
varieties and technologies
- Increased reliance on global trade – during 1970s net imports of cereals by LIC’s more than
tripled 20 million to 70 million tonnes

LIC’s production + consumption of main agricultural products growing at much higher rates than
HIC’s – because of:
- Higher population growth rates
- Increasing wealth
- Greater responsiveness of demand to income growth

, HIC’s slower growth - high per capita consumption + slow population growth has dampened the
growth of demand
- Countries like China/Brazil have high growth rates
- North America, Europe and Russia have lower growth rates

Food consumption:

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation data shows dietary energy - steadily increasing
on a worldwide basis
- FAO undernourishment = dietary intake below the minimum daily energy requirement
- Dietary energy requirements differ by gender and age + different physical activities –
minimum acceptable generally ranges between 1,700-2000 kcals per day
- FAO - 868mil people = undernourished in 2012 (12% of the population) – decreased since
1990 everywhere apart from Africa
- Obesity: For adults of both sexes, aged 18 or over, obesity is a body mass index (BMI)
greater than or equal to 30
- In 2014 – 39% of adults were classed as overweight and 13% were obese – 41million under
the age of 5 were overweight or obese – In US over 30% of the population were obese

Obesity:

Causes Consequences Solutions
Eating too many calories Coronary heart disease Ensure healthy and nutritious
food is affordable and
available
Global increase in intake of Cancers Encourage regular physical
energy dense foods (fat sugar activity – more accessible and
salt) affordable
Many obese individuals are High blood pressure Restrict marketing of food high
low-income earners who eat in fats sugars salt – especially
cheap carbs or convenience aimed of children
foods
Not getting sufficient physical Liver and gallbladder disease Reduce non-saturated fats
activity sugar and salt in food
Changing modes of Pressure on health services Support regular physical
transportation activity in the workplace
Obesity in the USA is quoted Obesity is a disease of Educate people on healthier
to be a ‘plague of the 21st affluence foods
century of epidemic
proportions
Increased urbanisation Cancers Jamie Oliver led sugary drinks
tax
Global increase in sedentary Type 2 diabetes Extra government spending
nature of work and leisure
activities
Airline seats, clothing and
crematoria furnaces need to
be reconfigured

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller topmarksrevision. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $8.21. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

66184 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$8.21  1x  sold
  • (1)
Add to cart
Added