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Samenvatting chemie voor levenswetenschappen 2 (hoorcolleges) $12.42   Add to cart

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Samenvatting chemie voor levenswetenschappen 2 (hoorcolleges)

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Dit is een samenvatting gemaakt adhv de powerpoints die gebruikt werden in de hoorcolleges. Het handboek heb ik niet gebruikt voor dit vak en ik was meteen geslaagd bij de eerste zit. Het gaat over zuur-base-, neerslag- en redoxreacties, ook bevat het complexvormingsreacties en kinetica.

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  • August 31, 2022
  • 18
  • 2021/2022
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Chemie voor levenswetenschappen 2
Inhoudsopgave

H1. Zuur-base reactie in water ....................................................................................................................... 3
Autoprotolyse v water ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Zuurconstante .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Sterkte v zuren & basen ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Zuur base in water ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Analytische vs vrije concentratie ........................................................................................................................ 3
PH berekeningen ................................................................................................................................................ 4
Zuur-base titratiecurve....................................................................................................................................... 4
Sterk zuur met sterke base (HCl met NaOH) ................................................................................................. 4
Zwak zuur met sterke base (CH3COOH met NaOH) ....................................................................................... 4
Dibasisch zuur met sterke base (H2CO3 met NaOH) ...................................................................................... 4
Aminozuur met sterke base (Alanine met NaOH, Lysine met NaOH) ........................................................... 4
PH vh aquatisch systeem.................................................................................................................................... 5

H2. Redox reacties ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Halfreacties, oxidatie en reductie, redoxkoppel ................................................................................................. 6
Uitbalanceren van redoxreacties ....................................................................................................................... 6
Met halfreacties ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Organische reacties ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Indeling redoxreacties ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Galvanische cel Cu/Zn ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Werking: ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Celpotentiaal ∆E ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Halfcelpotentialen .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Celpotentiaal & evenwichtsconstante ................................................................................................................ 8
Galvanisch proces bij niet standaard omastandigheden ................................................................................... 8
Biochemische redoxreacties ............................................................................................................................... 8
Elektronactiviteit pe ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Pe meten ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Pe in aquatische systemen ............................................................................................................................. 9
Pourbaix/pe-PH diagram.................................................................................................................................... 9
Reducerende capaciteit in aquatische systemen................................................................................................ 9
BOD ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
COD ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

H3. Complexvormingsreacties ...................................................................................................................... 11
Bindingen: ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Water als ligand: .............................................................................................................................................. 11

, Chelaten ........................................................................................................................................................... 11
Metaalioncomplexen in water ......................................................................................................................... 11
Complexvorming in aquatische systemen ........................................................................................................ 12

H4. Neerslagreacties .................................................................................................................................... 13
Oplosbaarheidsproduct .................................................................................................................................... 13
Oplosbaarheid berekenen uit Ks: ...................................................................................................................... 13
Gipsvrije E:........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Neerslagevenwichten ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Neerslagreacties .............................................................................................................................................. 14
Hardheid van water ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Het broeikaseffect ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Silikaten ............................................................................................................................................................ 14

H5. Kinetica .................................................................................................................................................. 15
ActiveringsE ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Effectieve botsingen ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Elementaire reacties ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Reactiesnelheid ................................................................................................................................................ 16
Enkelvoudige reactie ................................................................................................................................... 16
Samengestelde reactie ................................................................................................................................ 16
Verband met temperatuur .......................................................................................................................... 16
Katalyse ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
Enzymkinetica ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Halveringstijd ve reactie................................................................................................................................... 18

,H1. Zuur-base reactie in water
Autoprotolyse v water




Zuurconstante




Sterkte v zuren & basen




“p...” = - log ...

Zuur base in water




Analytische vs vrije concentratie
• Analytische concentratie = totale hoeveelheid verbinding die in de oplossing
aanwezig is, geïoniseerd of niet (hele reactie)
• Vrije concentratie = hoeveelheid van elke werkelijke substantie die in de oplossing
aanwezig is (alle stoffen appart)
• Massabalans: CA = (A) + concentratie van A die weggereageerd is
• Ionenbalans: concentratie + lading = concentratie – lading

, PH berekeningen
Zie appart blad (uitwerking van alle 7 reacties)
• Neutrale oplossing
• Sterk (monobasisch) zuur
• Sterke (monozurige) base
• Zwak (monobasisch) zuur
• Zwakke (monozurige) base
• Buffer
• Amfoliet

Zuur-base titratiecurve
Sterk zuur met sterke base (HCl met NaOH)
• Begin & voor EP: sterk zuur
• EP: pH = 7
• Na EP: sterke base




Zwak zuur met sterke base (CH3COOH met NaOH)
• Begin: zwak zuur
• Voor EP: buffer
• EP: zwakke base
• Na EP: sterke base




Dibasisch zuur met sterke base (H2CO3 met NaOH)
• Start: zwak zuur
• Dan: buffer
• EP1: amfoliet
• Dan: buffer
• EP2: zwakke base
• Dan: sterke base

Aminozuur met sterke base (Alanine met NaOH, Lysine met NaOH)
Z&b bufferen biologische systemen, ze zijn ook belangrijk o.w.v. hun interactie met
biomoleculen:
• Proteïnen met zure & basische R-groepen = buffers
• Werking enzymen is sterk afhankelijk van:
o lading in actieve plaats
o ruimtelijke conformatie medebepaald door R-groep ladingen

Wanneer een Az opgelost in water è hoofdzakelijk in zijn iso-elektrische vorm (Zwitter ion)
Als getitreerd met zuur gedraagt het zich base en andersom (amfolyt)

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