100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Samenvatting histologie en fysiologie van de gewervelde dieren $18.33   Add to cart

Summary

Samenvatting histologie en fysiologie van de gewervelde dieren

 40 views  3 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Dit is een samenvatting van alles wat behandeld werd in de hoorcolleges. Alles staat duidelijk in de inhoudstabel, ik leerde dit vak aan de hand van het handboek, de powerpoints en deze samenvatting.

Preview 10 out of 78  pages

  • No
  • Unknown
  • August 31, 2022
  • 78
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
avatar-seller
SAMENVATTING HISTOLOGIE
EN FYSIOLOGIE VAN DE
GEWERVELDE DIEREN

,Inhoudsopgave

Hoe leer ik het ................................................................................................................................................ 4

Histologie ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Technieken ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Epitheelweefsels ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Epitheelcellen ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Classificatie v epithelia .................................................................................................................................. 8
Histofysiologie ............................................................................................................................................. 10
Bindweefsels .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Extracellulaire matrix .................................................................................................................................. 12
Cellen vh bindweefsel ................................................................................................................................. 14
Bindweefseltypen ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Vetweefsels ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
Univacuolair vetweefsel .............................................................................................................................. 17
Plurivacuolair vetweefsel ............................................................................................................................ 17
Spierweefsels.................................................................................................................................................... 18
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
Skeletspierweefsel ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Hartspierweefsel ......................................................................................................................................... 21
Glad spierweefsel ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Kraakbeen ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Hyalien kraakbeen ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Elastisch kraakbeen ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Vezelig kraakbeen ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Botweefsels ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Botcellen ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
Botmatrix..................................................................................................................................................... 27
Periost & endost .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Soorten botweefsel ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Histogenese ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Gewrichten .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Basisprincipes fysiologie...............................................................................Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.

Fysica van de beeldvorming ......................................................................................................................... 31
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................................ 31
Hoorcollege 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Lenzen en lichtstralen ................................................................................................................................. 31
Bouw en werking van de lichtmicroscoop (deel 1) ..................................................................................... 33
Hoorcollege 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 36
Bouw en werking van de lichtmicroscoop (deel 2) ..................................................................................... 36
Van golvenmodel (terug) naar geometrische optica ................................................................................... 36
Diffractie en interferentie ........................................................................................................................... 36

, Resolutie van een microscoop .................................................................................................................... 37
Het electromagnetische spectrum .............................................................................................................. 38

Functionele histologie .................................................................................................................................. 39
1. Circulatiesystemen ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Lichaamsvloeistoffen................................................................................................................................... 39
Bloedvaten .................................................................................................................................................. 39
Bloed & bloedcellen .................................................................................................................................... 41
2. Excretie – Nier .............................................................................................................................................. 44
Functie ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
Productie van urine ..................................................................................................................................... 44
Lichaampje v malpighi ................................................................................................................................. 45
Tubuli........................................................................................................................................................... 45
3. Het GI stelsel ................................................................................................................................................ 47
Slokdarm ..................................................................................................................................................... 48
Maag............................................................................................................................................................ 48
Dunne darm ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Dikke darm .................................................................................................................................................. 50
4. Zenuwweefsel............................................................................................................................................... 51
Neuronen & gliacellen ................................................................................................................................. 51
Centraal ZS .................................................................................................................................................. 53
Perifeer ZS ................................................................................................................................................... 53
5. Respiratoir stelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Ventilatie en gasuitwisseling ....................................................................................................................... 54
Geleidende deel .......................................................................................................................................... 54
Respiratoire deel ......................................................................................................................................... 55

Fysiologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 56
1. Circulatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Plaatsen van uitwisseling: de noodzaak van circulatie ................................................................................ 56
Diversiteit aan circulatiesystemen .............................................................................................................. 56
Het circulatiesysteem van vertebraten ....................................................................................................... 56
Inzoomen op het zoogdierhart .................................................................................................................... 58
Bloedvaten: bloedsomloop en bloeddruk ................................................................................................... 58
Het lymfevatenstelsel.................................................................................................................................. 59
Cardiovasculaire ziektes .............................................................................................................................. 59
2. Excretie & osmoregulatie ............................................................................................................................. 60
Osmoregulatie ............................................................................................................................................. 60
Stikstofhoudende afvalstoffen .................................................................................................................... 61
Excretiesystemen ........................................................................................................................................ 62
3. Spijsvertering................................................................................................................................................ 64
De behoefte aan voeding ............................................................................................................................ 64
De verwerking van voedsel ......................................................................................................................... 64
Het spijsverteringsstelsel bij zoogdieren ..................................................................................................... 65
Evolutionaire adaptaties van spijsverteringsstelsels bij vertebraten .......................................................... 67
4. Zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................................. 69
Structuur en evolutie van zenuwstelsels ..................................................................................................... 69
Vertebratenhersenen .................................................................................................................................. 70
Opslag en organisatie van informatie ......................................................................................................... 72
Aandoeningen van het zenuwstelsel........................................................................................................... 73
5. Gasuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................ 74
Enkele basisbegrippen................................................................................................................................. 74

,Gasuitwisseling in verschillende milieus ..................................................................................................... 74
Kieuwen bij vissen ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Longen bij vertebraten ................................................................................................................................ 75
Controle van de ademhaling bij mensen ..................................................................................................... 77
Ademhalingspigmenten .............................................................................................................................. 77
Aanpassingen aan duiken en hypoxie ......................................................................................................... 77

,Hoe leer ik het
Documenten:
• Ppt’s + notities
• Leidraad
• Samenvatting
• Handboek: Junqueira’s functionele histologie
• Practicums
• Alle extra doc vd werkzittingen

Studiepunten: 9

,Histologie
Prof. dr. M. Van Steenberge

Technieken
Weefselvoorbereiding
• Fixatie (legt het metabolisme stil)
• Inbedding (in parafine)
• Snijden
• Kleuren
• Monteren => “preparaatje”

Lichtmicroscopen
Vooral gekleurd è soms n mogelijk è weefsels/ cellen dood
Oplossing : 2 methodes
• Fasecontrast
• interferentiecontrast

Kleuringen
• HE
• PAS
• Giesma

,Epitheelweefsels
• Bedekt lichaamsopp. & inwendige holtes
• Bescherming onderliggende weefsels
• Regulatie v opname & afgifte stoffen
• 1 of meer lagen met intercellulaire verbindingen
• 3 soorten:
o Endoderm è ademhalingsorganen & spijsverteringskanalen
o Ectoderm è huid, mond, neus & anus
o Mesoderm è rond de lichaamsholten & bloedvaten

Epitheelcellen
Struct. die rol spelen bij samenhang epitheelcellen:
• Zonula occludens
o Voorkomt passief transport tss cellen door
(n sterk)
• Zonula adhaerens
o Stevige verankering
• Maculae adherentes
o Via koppeling aan intermediaire filamenten
è sterke verankeringspt.
• Nexusverbindingen
o Intracellulaire transportkanalen (vloei &
moleculen)
• Hemidesmosomen è verankerd aan lamina
basalis

Basaalmembraan (basolateraal/abluminaal)
= Dunne grenslaag v extracellulair materiaal dat verbinding vormt tss onderliggend
bindweefsel

à Microscopisch beeld: 3 lagen:
• Dunne lamina basalis
o Lamina densa è centraalgelegen (collageen type IV & proteoglycanen)
o Lamina lucida è ad bovenzijde (glycoproteïne laminine)
• Aansluitende lamina reticularis met collagene vezels
è Allemaal dr epitheelcellen zelf gevormd

Afhankelijk vd plaats ih lichaam è andere opbouw è lamina basalis verschillende functies:
• Hechtende fct
• Filterfct vr uitwisseling v macromoleculen tss epitheel & bindweefsel
• Regulerende fct over celdelingsactiviteit & differentiatie v epitheelcellen (dr binding v
groeifactoren)

,Intercellulaire verbindingen
Ook andere cellen knn tot grotere complexen aaneensluiten dmv:
• Occludensverbindingen (afsluiten intercellulaire ruimten)
o Zonula occludens
§ Stoffen die passeren dr transcellulair transport
• Adhaerensverbindingen (aanhechting)
o Zonula adhaerens
§ Ondersteund dr cadherinen (=transmembrane adhesiemoleculen) ook
cell adhesion molecules die via actinefilamenten verbonden zijn aan
terminal web
o Macula adhaerens
§ Desmogleïnen(=cadherine)hechten aan mekaar è mech. Stabiliteit
• Nexusverbindingen (communicatie)
§ Intermembraneuze eiwitpartikels (=connexon) sluiten op mekaar aan
è communicatiekanaaltjes

Versch. benamingen bij versch. vormen v verbindingen onafhankelijk vd fct.:
• Ronde/puntvormige verbindingen è op 1 pt (macula)
• Bandvormige structuur è rond hele cel (zonula)
• Onregelmatige verbreide verbinding (fascia)

Celoppervlakspecialisaties
• Microvilli
o Uitsteeksels plasmamembraan
o Vergroten opp è stofwisseling
bevorderen
o Bedekt met beschermlaag (=glycocalyx)
o Borstelzoom è actinemicrofilamenten
• Stereociliën
o Microvilli, maar langer & meer vertakt
o Organen met zintuigfct
• Ciliën
o Uitsteeksels opp v epitheelcellen
o Slagbeweging è verplaatst vloei/slijm
o 9x2+2 microtubuli & vast op centriool
• Flagellen
o Ciliën maar langer & ander
slagpatroon

,Classificatie v epithelia
Obv vorm & fct ingedeeld in 2 groepen:
1 Bedekkend epitheel
è 1/meer lagen die lichaamsopp/inwendige holte bekleden
Ingedeeld obv:
• # cellagen
o Vorm

• Eenlagig epitheel è opname/afgifte stoffen vergemakkelijken
o Plaveisel epitheel (plat)
§ longblaasjes
o Kubisch epitheel
§ Afvoergangen v vele klieren
o Cillindrisch epitheel
§ Dunne darm
o Meerrijig epitheel
§ Kernen op verschillende niveaus
§ Grotere luchtwegen
• Meerlagig epitheel è beschermen
o Verhoornend plaveiselepitheel
§ Onderste laag basale cellen è dochtercellen schuiven telkens door
§ Epidermis
o Niet-verhoornend plaveiselepitheel
§ Bovenste laag è levende afgeplatte cellen
§ Inwendige vochtige holtes(mond,vagina,…)
o Kubisch epitheel
§ Zweetklieren
o Cilindrisch epitheel
§ Bindvlies vh oog
o Overgangsepitheel/urotheel
§ Bovenste laag è overkoepelende paraplucellen
§ Urinewegen

Microscopische
fotos:




Plaveiselepitheel Kubisch epitheel Meerrijig epitheel
Afgeplatte cellen Even hoog/breed n alle cellen tot opp

, Cilindrisch epitheel Plaveisel epitheel Overgangsepitheel
Hoger dan breed b: verhoornend c: niet-verhoornend Paraplucellen

2 klierepitheel
Productie v vloeibaar secreet, ingedeeld obv:
• Bouw, Ontstaanswijze, Secreet & Wijze waarop secretieprod. cel verlaten

Bouw
Eencellige klieren:
Bv. slijmbekercel

Meercellige klieren:
• Exocriene
o Secretoir deel met kliercellen (prod. maken & uitscheiden)
o Klierafvoergang (secreet afgevoerd naar lumen)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller aurorab10. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $18.33. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

73918 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$18.33  3x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart