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Management is the attainment of organizational goals in a effective and efficient
manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational
resources. This includes two ideas:
1. The four functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
2. The attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner
The four management functions:
- Planning = identifying goals for future organizational performance and
deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them. Defines
where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there.
- Organizing = involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments,
delegating authority, and allocating resources across the organization.
- Leading = the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve
organizational goals. It means creating a shared culture and values,
communicating goals to people throughout the organization, and infusing
employees with the desire to perform at a high level.
- Controlling = monitoring employees’ activities, determining whether the
organization is moving towards its goals, and making corrections as
necessary.
The formal definition of an organization is a social entity that is goal directed and
deliberately structured. Social entity means being made up of two or more
people. Goal directed means designed to achieve some outcome, such as make a
profit. Deliberately structured means that tasks are divided, and responsibility for
their performance is assigned to organization members.
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to which the organization achieves a
stated goal, or succeeds in accomplishing what it tries to do. It means providing a
product or service that customers value.
Organizational efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an
organizational goal.
The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is
the attainment if organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and
effective manner.
You need to have some sort of skills to do a manager’s job:
- Conceptual skill = the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole
system and the relationships among its parts.
- Human skill = the manager’s ability to work with and through other people
and to work effectively as a group member. It includes to motivate,
facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflicts with
people.
- Technical skill = the understanding of and proficiency in the performance
of specific tasks.
, Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence
relationships among people.
Political forces refer to the influence of political and legal institutions on people
and organizations.
Economic forces pertain to the availability, production, and distribution of
resources in a society.
Read page 38-50
System thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or
situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.
Synergy means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Case view = every situation is unique
Universalist view = there is one best way
The contingency view tells managers that what works in one organizational
situation might not work in others.
Total quality management focuses on managing the total organization to deliver
quality to customers.
Supply chain management refers to managing the sequence of suppliers and
purchases, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to
distributing finished goods to consumers.
Chapter 2
The external organizational environment includes all elements existing outside
the boundary of the organization that have potential to affect the organization.
The organization’s external environment has two components:
- General environment = affects organizations indirectly
- Task environment = closer to the organization and includes the sectors
that conduct day-to-day transactions with the organization and directly
influence its basic operations and performance
An organizational ecosystem is a system formed by the interaction among a
community of organizations in the environment
The organization also has an internal environment, which includes the elements
within the organization’s boundaries.
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