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Samenvatting van metabolisme tot systeembiologie

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Deze samenvatting bevat alles wat gezien werd in de hoorcolleges, ik persoonlijk heb het handboek niet gebruikt, wel gebruikte ik de cursus van UHasselt zelf en de powerpoints uit de hoorcolleges om deze samenvatting te maken. Aan de zijkant staan er soms verwijzingen naar pagina's, dit zijn pagina...

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  • August 31, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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SAMENVATTING VAN
METABOLISME TOT
SYSTEEMBIOLOGIE




NENA VOSSEN
2021 - 2022
Klaartje Pellens

,Inhoudsopgave

Hoe leer ik het ................................................................................................................................................ 3

BIOLOGIE ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Metabole kaart .............................................................................................................................................. 4

HC1 Proteïnen ................................................................................................................................................ 5
1. Aminozuren .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Basisstructuur................................................................................................................................................ 5
Eigenschappen van restgroepen ................................................................................................................... 5
Eigenschappen van aminozuren.................................................................................................................... 5
2. Structuur van proteïnen ................................................................................................................................. 6

HC2 Enzymen ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Nomenclatuur en eigenschappen van enzymen................................................................................................. 7
Werking van enzymen ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Factoren die reactiesnelheid beïnvloeden .......................................................................................................... 8
Enzymkinetiek .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Regulatie van enzymen .................................................................................................................................... 10

HC3 Metabolisme en energie citroenzuurcyclus ........................................................................................... 11
Metabole reactiewegen ................................................................................................................................... 11
Metabole homeostase ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Energiemetabolisme ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Metabole pathways: Fase III ............................................................................................................................ 12

HC4 Glycolyse............................................................................................................................................... 15
Van glucose tot pyruvaat ................................................................................................................................. 15
1e regelenzym .............................................................................................................................................. 15
2e regelenzym .............................................................................................................................................. 16
3e regelenzym .............................................................................................................................................. 17
SAMENGEVAT .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Aerobe vs anaerobe glycolyse .......................................................................................................................... 18
SAMENGEVAT .............................................................................................................................................. 18

HC5 Gluconeogenese.................................................................................................................................... 19
Substraten ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Unieke reacties ................................................................................................................................................. 20

HC6 Glycogeenmetabolisme ......................................................................................................................... 22
Structuur en functie van glycogeen .................................................................................................................. 22
Synthese van glycogeen (glycogenese) ............................................................................................................ 22
Afbraak van glycogeen (glycogenolyse) ........................................................................................................... 23
Regulatie .......................................................................................................................................................... 24

,HC7 Metabolsime van vetzuren, TAG en ketonlichamen ............................................................................... 25
Opslag .............................................................................................................................................................. 25
Mobilisatie v vetzuren uit TAG ......................................................................................................................... 25
Lotsbestemming v glycerol ............................................................................................................................... 26
Lotsbestemming v vetzuren ............................................................................................................................. 26
Beta-oxidatie ............................................................................................................................................... 26
ATP- opbrengst uit vetzuuroxidatie .................................................................................................................. 28
Vorming & gebruik v ketonlichamen ................................................................................................................ 28

HC9 Aminozuren & stikstofmetabolisme ...................................................................................................... 29
1 Afbraak eigen proteïnen................................................................................................................................ 29
Cytosol ......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Lysosoom..................................................................................................................................................... 29
2 Proteïnen uit dieet ......................................................................................................................................... 30
3 Afbraak v aminozuren ................................................................................................................................... 30
Transaminatie.............................................................................................................................................. 30
Oxidatieve deaminatie ................................................................................................................................ 31
Transport van NH3 naar lever ..................................................................................................................... 31
Omzetten naar ureum ................................................................................................................................. 31
Excretie door nieren .................................................................................................................................... 31
Dat was allemaal amine stukje nu koolstofskelet ....................................................................................... 32
4 Novo AZ synthese .......................................................................................................................................... 32

,Hoe leer ik het
Documenten:
• Ppt’s + notities
• Handboek: biochemistry (Lippincott)
• Samenvatting
• Cursustekst
• Practicumverslagen
• ZSO (in cursus)

Studiepunten: 8

,BIOLOGIE
Metabole kaart




• Suikermetabolisme
• Lipidenmetabolisme
• Stikstofmetabolisme

,HC1 Proteïnen
1. Aminozuren
Basisstructuur
• Carboxylgroep (C-therminus)
peptidebinding
• Primaire aminogroep (N-therminus)


• Restgroep (bepalen
eigenschappen)
è Gebonden aan 𝛼-koolstofatoom
è assymetrisch daarom L- & D-aminozuren (L in
proteïnen)

Eigenschappen van restgroepen
• Apolair è vetachtig è binnenkant v proteine (zo
weinig mogelijk contact met water)
• Polair
o Niet geladen è er zit O in of cysteïne (CH2-SH)
o Zuur è er zit - in
o Basisch è er zit + in

Eigenschappen van aminozuren
= amfolyt
• Carboxylgroep = zwak zuur
• Aminogroep = zwakke base

,2. Structuur van proteïnen

• Primair: info voor 3D struct
• Secundair: soorten bindingen
o Supersecundaire struct = opeenvolging vd struct
o Rest = niet-repetitieve sec struct
• Tertiair: interacties tussen restgroepen
o H-, S-bruggen, vdw interacties & ionische binding
• Quaternair: tertiare komen samen

, HC2 Enzymen
Nomenclatuur en eigenschappen van enzymen
6 grote groepen:
• Oxidoreductase: redoxreactie katalyseren è elektronendrager(NAD+/FADH)
• Transferase: katalyseren vd transfer van een groepje met C-,N- of P-
• Hydrolase: katalyseren vh breken vd bindingen door de toevoeging v water
• Lyase: katalyseren vh breken vd bindingen C-C, C-S, C-N
• Isomerase: isomeren vormen (alle bouwstenen zijn hetzelfde maar veranderen van
plaats)
• Ligase: katalyseren vh maken v bindingen tss C & O/S/N (E nodig (ATP))

Eigenschappen:
è Bepaald door structuur
• Substraatspecificiteit è enzymsubstraatcomplex è E lager + chem veranderingen
è rea vlotter




• Temperatuurverandering è alle niveaus verloren (behalve prim. struct. dankzij
peptide bind.)
• pH verschillen

Actief enzym(holoenzym) vormen è nog een enzym nodig:

• Apoenzym = niet-actief, eiwit
gedeelte
• Cofactor:
o Coenzym: bind maar tijdelijk
(vaak afgeleid v bep vitaminen)
o Prosthetische groep = covalent
gebonden aan apoenzyme
o Metaalion

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