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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en practica van het onderdeel Hart en Vaatstelsel van de cursus Orgaansystemen (BMW20205) $6.36
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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en practica van het onderdeel Hart en Vaatstelsel van de cursus Orgaansystemen (BMW20205)

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  • Course
  • Orgaansystemen (BMW20205)
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
  • Book
  • Human Physiology

Deze gedetailleerde samenvatting behandelt alles wat aan bod is gekomen tijdens de hoorcolleges, werkcolleges en practica van het onderdeel Hart en Vaatstelsel van de cursus Orgaansystemen aan de Universiteit Utrecht (BMW20205). Daarnaast zijn de corresponderende hoofdstukken uit de boeken Human Ph...

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  • No
  • Unknown
  • September 1, 2022
  • 113
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • endocardium
  • epicardium
  • myocardium
  • elastische arteriën
  • musculeuze arteriën
  • arteriolen
  • capillairen
  • venen
  • ionkanalen
  • wet van nernst
  • membraanpotentiaal
  • relaxatie
  • ecg
  • goldberge
  • wet van goldman hogdkin katz

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  • Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
  • Biomedische Wetenschappen
  • Orgaansystemen (BMW20205)
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Samenvatting orgaansystemen
Hart en vaatstelsel



Biomedische Wetenschappen
2020-2021




Door Nicole (studente BMW)

,Inhoudsopgave
Anatomie hart ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Positionering van het hart ................................................................................................................... 4
Pericardium ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Belangrijke vaten ............................................................................................................................. 7
Uitwendig hart............................................................................................................................... 10
Inwendig hart ................................................................................................................................ 11
Septa .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Coronaire circulatie ........................................................................................................................... 17
Prikkelgeleidingssysteem .............................................................................................................. 19
Microscopie hart ................................................................................................................................... 20
Algemene bouw vaatwand ................................................................................................................ 21
Algemene bouw hart ......................................................................................................................... 22
Endocardium ................................................................................................................................. 23
Epicardium ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Myocardium .................................................................................................................................. 24
Bloedvaten ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Elastische arteriën ......................................................................................................................... 28
Musculeuze arteriën...................................................................................................................... 29
Arteriolen....................................................................................................................................... 30
Capillairen ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Venen ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Arteriën vs. venen ......................................................................................................................... 33
Elektrische activiteit en elektrocardiogram .......................................................................................... 34
Hart .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Circulatie........................................................................................................................................ 34
Overzicht anatomie ........................................................................................................................... 37
Hartkleppen ................................................................................................................................... 37
Autonome activiteit hart ................................................................................................................... 40
Morfologie ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Functionele hartcyclus ...................................................................................................................... 41
Prikkelbaarheid van membranen ...................................................................................................... 42
Ionkanalen ..................................................................................................................................... 42
Wet van Nernst (Nernst equation) ................................................................................................ 43
Wet van Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz ................................................................................................... 43
Membraanpotentiaal in rust ......................................................................................................... 45

1

, Actiepotentialen ............................................................................................................................ 46
Refractaire periode........................................................................................................................ 48
Excitatie-contractie koppeling ........................................................................................................... 50
Relaxatie ........................................................................................................................................ 50
T-Tubuli .......................................................................................................................................... 51
Kracht contractie ........................................................................................................................... 51
Hartfalen ........................................................................................................................................ 51
Ionstromen .................................................................................................................................... 52
Impulsgeleiding ............................................................................................................................. 55
Regulatie hartritme ....................................................................................................................... 57
Elektrocardiografie ............................................................................................................................ 58
Principe ECG .................................................................................................................................. 59
Nomenclatuur................................................................................................................................ 63
Activatie-volgorde van het hart..................................................................................................... 64
Einthoven ECG ............................................................................................................................... 65
GoldBerger afleiding...................................................................................................................... 70
Wilson’s afleiding .......................................................................................................................... 72
Interpretatie ECG ........................................................................................................................... 74
Toepassing ECG ............................................................................................................................. 77
Ventriculaire extrasystole.............................................................................................................. 77
Pompfunctie van het hart ..................................................................................................................... 78
Wiggers Diagram ............................................................................................................................... 79
Druk-Volume lus ................................................................................................................................ 81
Casus 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 82
Cardiac output ................................................................................................................................... 82
Regulatie cardiac output ............................................................................................................... 83
Overzicht ....................................................................................................................................... 91
Vaatstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 92
Compliantie ................................................................................................................................... 93
Wet van Poiseuille ............................................................................................................................. 95
Arteriële bloeddruk ........................................................................................................................... 98
Systolische/diastolische bloeddruk ............................................................................................. 100
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) .................................................................................................... 100
Regulatie bloeddruk .................................................................................................................... 102
Regulatie perifere weerstand ...................................................................................................... 103
Baroreceptor reflex ..................................................................................................................... 106

2

,Capillaire uitwisseling ...................................................................................................................... 109
Uitwisseling tussen capillairen en weefsel .................................................................................. 109
Uitwisseling via bulk flow ............................................................................................................ 110
Lymfestelsel ................................................................................................................................. 111




3

,Anatomie hart
Positionering van het hart
Hieronder staat zowel een anterieure als een posterieure weergave van de ligging van het hart.
Hierbij is te zien dat de lange as van het hart richting het rechter schouderblad loopt.




Figuur 1 Anterieure en posterieure weergave van de ligging van het hart.

De cavitas thoracica (borstholte) bevat drie compartimenten, namelijk:
• Cavitas pleuralis (pleuraholte), deze bestaat uit twee delen:
➢ Linkerdeel
➢ Rechterdeel
• Mediastinum

Het mediastinum is een ruimte die gevuld is met bindweefsel, waarin het hart ligt.




Figuur 2 Schematische weergave van het mediastinum.




4

, Pericardium
Op het moment dat het pericardium verwijderd wordt, komt het hart bloot te liggen. Het
pericardium bestaat uit twee lagen:
• Pericardium fibrosum → Bindweefsellaag
• Pericardium serosum → Sereuze vliezen
Deze zijn glad van oppervlak en produceren en absorberen vocht. Daarnaast kan het
pericardium serosum opgedeeld worden in twee lagen:
➢ Lamina visceralis → Bevindt zich om het orgaan.
➢ Lamina parietalis → Bevindt zich tegen de wand.

Hierbij zit de lamina parietalis aan het pericardium fibrosum vast.




Figuur 3 Schematische weergave van de verschillende lagen van het pericardium.




5

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