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Summary resum del tema 11 per a segon parcial genètica
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resum de genètica, enfocat a l'examen, amb anotacions que sorgeixen de preguntes d'examen.
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TEMA 11: genètica aplicadaLa genètica molecular es basa en molècules que intervenen en l’expressió de gens d’un
organisme que afecten l’ADN.
ENZIMS DE RESTRICCIÓ: endonucleasa que pot tallar l’ADN. Els enzims de restricció reconeixen
les dianes i només tallen per aquests punts . al tallar generen extrems cohesius.
TALL I UNIÓ DE FRAGMENTS DE DNA: es va combinar el gen del creixement humà amb un
vector procedent d’un bacteri- es vol que el vector es repliqui i expressi el gen. Obtenim un
vector híbrid. El bacteri replica el plasmidi, son herència materna. La replicació de ADN es in
vivo.
Les nucleases genomanipulades combinen dos dominis artificials:
- ZFN: reconeix dominis específics i les ZFP s’uneixen a les bases.
- TALEN: tenen un domini que pot tallar l’ADN i un altre que reconeix regions
especifiques d’activadors. Poden servir per aïllar gens.
CLONACIÓ: els bacteris que porten els vectors son clons.
Clonar es l’acció de moure fragments de dNA d’un individu a un altre. Aquest moviment dona
el nom d’individu recombinant.
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