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Crystal field theory and ligand field theory
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Questions and answers to test yourself for exam prep. Active recall for exam prep. Used to pass 1st-year Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry exam.
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COORDINATION CHEMISTRY- What is the crystal field theory?
Interactions between metal and ligand – attraction (complex
formation) and repulsion (splitting of d orbitals) between the metal
cation and ligands. Purely ionic with no consideration of covalency.
- What does the energy of the orbitals actually mean?
The energy of the electron IN in the orbitals. If there is no electron,
then we cannot talk about energy.
- Which complexes have only one spin state possibility?
d0, d1, d2, d3, d8, d9, d10
- What is the Barry centre?
The average energy.
- How much energy are eg orbitals raised by?
0.6 for each (destabilised).
- How much energy are the t2g orbitals lowered by?
0.4 for each (stabilised).
- Which complexes have two spin state possibilities?
D4, d5, d6, d7 (high and low).
- What is the CFSE formula for high spin states?
x(-0.4) + y(0.6) ΔO (must multiply by the ΔO value at the end. This is
usually given).
- What is the CFSE formula for low spin states?
x(-0.4) + y(0.6) ΔO + P (always add P for low spin states. This is
usually given.)
- What do x and y represent in the CFSE formula?
x is the number of electrons in t2g and y is the number of electrons
in eg.
- What are the units for CFSE?
cm-1.
- What can we convert cm-1 to and what is the conversion?
1kJmol-1 = 83.6cm-1
- What is P?
The energy required to place two electrons in the same orbital.
- What is a high spin complex?
P > ΔO.
- What is a low spin complex?
P < ΔO.
- Describe P in tetrahedral complexes
P is always > Δt.
- What state do tetrahedral complexes always exist in?
High spin state – more unpaired electrons.
- What does Z2 / r represent?
Z – charge, r – size.
- What happens as you go from Ca to Zn?
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