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Psychologie (open boek examen)Inhoud
1 Geest, gedrag en psychologische wetenschap (P.1)............................................................................3
1.1 Wat is psychologie en wat is het niet? (P.1).................................................................................3
1.1.1 Psychologie: het is meer dan je denkt (P.2)...........................................................................3
1.1.2 Psychologie is geen psychiatrie (P4)......................................................................................3
1.1.3 Kritisch nadenken over psychologie en pseudologie (P.5).....................................................4
2 Sensatie en perceptie HOOFDSTUK 3 (P.7).........................................................................................4
2.1 Hoe verandert stimulatie in sensatie?..........................................................................................4
2.1.1 Transductie (P.9)....................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Sensorische adaptatie (P.10).................................................................................................4
2.1.3 Drempels (P.10).....................................................................................................................4
2.1.4 Signaaldetectietheorie (P.12).................................................................................................5
2.2 Relatie tussen perceptie en sensatie (P.13)..................................................................................5
2.2.1 Het systeem van perceptuele verwerking..............................................................................5
2.2.2 Perceptuele ambiguïteit en vervorming (P.15)......................................................................5
2.2.3 Theoretische verklaringen voor perceptie (P.18)...................................................................5
3 Leren en omgeving HOOFDSTUK 4 (P25)............................................................................................6
3.1 Klassieke conditionering (= betekenisleren) P29..........................................................................7
3.2 Hoe leren we nieuw gedrag door operante conditionering? (P.37)..............................................8
3.3 Cognitieve psychologie (P.43).......................................................................................................8
3.3.1 Inzichtelijk leren (P.44)..........................................................................................................8
3.3.2 Cognitieve plattegrond (P.45)................................................................................................9
3.3.3 Sociaal leren (P. 47)...............................................................................................................9
4 Geheugen HFDSTK 5 (P. 51)................................................................................................................9
4.1 Wat is het geheugen? (P.53).........................................................................................................9
4.1.1 Sensorisch (= zintuigelijk) geheugen P56...............................................................................9
4.1.2 Werkgeheugen (= kortetermijngeheugen) P56.....................................................................9
4.1.3 Langetermijngeheugen (LTG) P59........................................................................................10
4.2 Waarom laat ons geheugen ons soms in de steek? (P. 64).........................................................10
4.2.1 Vluchtigheid: herinneringen vervagen P64..........................................................................10
4.2.2 Blokkades = tongfenomeen (P.67).......................................................................................10
4.2.3 Foutieve attributie (P68)......................................................................................................10
4.2.4 Suggestibiliteit P68..............................................................................................................11
1
, 4.2.5 Bias P69...............................................................................................................................11
4.2.6 Persistentie (P70).................................................................................................................11
5 Denken en intelligentie HOOFDSTUK 6 (P76)....................................................................................11
5.1.1 IQ vaststellen aan de hand van een grafiek (P79)................................................................11
5.1.2 Wechsler schaal (P82)..........................................................................................................11
5.2 Wat zijn de Bouwstenen van intelligentie? (P84).......................................................................11
5.2.1 Psychometrische theorieën P84..........................................................................................12
5.2.2 Cognitieve theorie P85.........................................................................................................12
5.2.3 Selffulfilling prophecy P89...................................................................................................13
6 Motivatie en emotie HDSTK 9 (P91)..................................................................................................13
6.1.1 Prestatiemotivatie P92.........................................................................................................13
6.1.2 Maslow (behoeftenpiramide) P95.......................................................................................14
6.1.3 Zelfdeterminatietheorie P98................................................................................................14
6.1.4 Emoties tellen (geen examenvragen)..................................................................................15
7 Hoofdstuk 11: sociale psychologie.....................................................................................................15
7.1.1 Conformisme P111..............................................................................................................15
8 Therapieën voor psychische stoornissen HOOFDSTUK 13 (P150).....................................................15
8.1.1 Inzichtgevende therapieën P156.........................................................................................16
8.1.2 Gedragstherapieën P165.....................................................................................................16
8.1.3 Cognitieve gedragstherapie P168........................................................................................16
9 Terugbetalingsregeling......................................................................................................................16
2
, 1 Geest, gedrag en psychologische wetenschap (P.1)
1.1 Wat is psychologie en wat is het niet? (P.1)
- Ologie = studie van de
- Psyche = geest
- Psychologie = wetenschappelijke studie van de geest/ gedrag
Niet enkel met geestelijke processen, ook gedragingen
- Interne geestelijke processen
- Externe geestelijke processen
1.1.1 Psychologie: het is meer dan je denkt (P.2)
3 soorten psychologen: (P.2)
1. Experimenteel psycholoog (= onderzoekspsycholoog)
Doet onderzoeken die nieuwe psychologische kennis creëert
2. Docenten psychologie
Geven les aan studenten
3. Toegepaste psychologen
Lossen problemen van mensen op d.m.v. trainingen, gereedschappen
of psychologische behandelingen
Werken op scholen, klinieken, bedrijven,…
Specialisaties in de toegepaste psychologie: P3
- Klinische psychologen
Behandelt mensen met psychische klachten
- Gerontopsychologen:
houden zich bezig met begeleiding van psychische klachten bij
ouderen.
1.1.2 Psychologie is geen psychiatrie (P4)
- Psychiater:
Behandelt psychische stoornissen
Patiënten met geestelijke “ziekte”
Dokter
Medische discipline of specialisatie
- Psycholoog:
Kijken vanuit wetenschappelijke studie van menselijk gedrag (emoties,
denken,…)
Effectieve psychopathische begeleiding
Ze werken vaak samen
3
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