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Samenvatting psychologie

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Samenvatting psychologie

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  • September 5, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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Psychologie (open boek examen)
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1 Geest, gedrag en psychologische wetenschap (P.1)............................................................................3
1.1 Wat is psychologie en wat is het niet? (P.1).................................................................................3
1.1.1 Psychologie: het is meer dan je denkt (P.2)...........................................................................3
1.1.2 Psychologie is geen psychiatrie (P4)......................................................................................3
1.1.3 Kritisch nadenken over psychologie en pseudologie (P.5).....................................................4
2 Sensatie en perceptie  HOOFDSTUK 3 (P.7).........................................................................................4
2.1 Hoe verandert stimulatie in sensatie?..........................................................................................4
2.1.1 Transductie (P.9)....................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Sensorische adaptatie (P.10).................................................................................................4
2.1.3 Drempels (P.10).....................................................................................................................4
2.1.4 Signaaldetectietheorie (P.12).................................................................................................5
2.2 Relatie tussen perceptie en sensatie (P.13)..................................................................................5
2.2.1 Het systeem van perceptuele verwerking..............................................................................5
2.2.2 Perceptuele ambiguïteit en vervorming (P.15)......................................................................5
2.2.3 Theoretische verklaringen voor perceptie (P.18)...................................................................5
3 Leren en omgeving  HOOFDSTUK 4 (P25)............................................................................................6
3.1 Klassieke conditionering (= betekenisleren) P29..........................................................................7
3.2 Hoe leren we nieuw gedrag door operante conditionering? (P.37)..............................................8
3.3 Cognitieve psychologie (P.43).......................................................................................................8
3.3.1 Inzichtelijk leren (P.44)..........................................................................................................8
3.3.2 Cognitieve plattegrond (P.45)................................................................................................9
3.3.3 Sociaal leren (P. 47)...............................................................................................................9
4 Geheugen  HFDSTK 5 (P. 51)................................................................................................................9
4.1 Wat is het geheugen? (P.53).........................................................................................................9
4.1.1 Sensorisch (= zintuigelijk) geheugen P56...............................................................................9
4.1.2 Werkgeheugen (= kortetermijngeheugen) P56.....................................................................9
4.1.3 Langetermijngeheugen (LTG) P59........................................................................................10
4.2 Waarom laat ons geheugen ons soms in de steek? (P. 64).........................................................10
4.2.1 Vluchtigheid: herinneringen vervagen P64..........................................................................10
4.2.2 Blokkades = tongfenomeen (P.67).......................................................................................10
4.2.3 Foutieve attributie (P68)......................................................................................................10
4.2.4 Suggestibiliteit P68..............................................................................................................11


1

, 4.2.5 Bias P69...............................................................................................................................11
4.2.6 Persistentie (P70).................................................................................................................11
5 Denken en intelligentie  HOOFDSTUK 6 (P76)....................................................................................11
5.1.1 IQ vaststellen aan de hand van een grafiek (P79)................................................................11
5.1.2 Wechsler schaal (P82)..........................................................................................................11
5.2 Wat zijn de Bouwstenen van intelligentie? (P84).......................................................................11
5.2.1 Psychometrische theorieën P84..........................................................................................12
5.2.2 Cognitieve theorie P85.........................................................................................................12
5.2.3 Selffulfilling prophecy P89...................................................................................................13
6 Motivatie en emotie  HDSTK 9 (P91)..................................................................................................13
6.1.1 Prestatiemotivatie P92.........................................................................................................13
6.1.2 Maslow (behoeftenpiramide) P95.......................................................................................14
6.1.3 Zelfdeterminatietheorie P98................................................................................................14
6.1.4 Emoties tellen (geen examenvragen)..................................................................................15
7 Hoofdstuk 11: sociale psychologie.....................................................................................................15
7.1.1 Conformisme P111..............................................................................................................15
8 Therapieën voor psychische stoornissen  HOOFDSTUK 13 (P150).....................................................15
8.1.1 Inzichtgevende therapieën P156.........................................................................................16
8.1.2 Gedragstherapieën P165.....................................................................................................16
8.1.3 Cognitieve gedragstherapie P168........................................................................................16
9 Terugbetalingsregeling......................................................................................................................16




2

, 1 Geest, gedrag en psychologische wetenschap (P.1)
1.1 Wat is psychologie en wat is het niet? (P.1)

- Ologie = studie van de
- Psyche = geest
- Psychologie = wetenschappelijke studie van de geest/ gedrag
 Niet enkel met geestelijke processen, ook gedragingen
- Interne geestelijke processen
- Externe geestelijke processen


1.1.1 Psychologie: het is meer dan je denkt (P.2)

3 soorten psychologen: (P.2)
1. Experimenteel psycholoog (= onderzoekspsycholoog)
 Doet onderzoeken die nieuwe psychologische kennis creëert

2. Docenten psychologie
 Geven les aan studenten

3. Toegepaste psychologen
 Lossen problemen van mensen op d.m.v. trainingen, gereedschappen
of psychologische behandelingen
 Werken op scholen, klinieken, bedrijven,…


Specialisaties in de toegepaste psychologie: P3

- Klinische psychologen
 Behandelt mensen met psychische klachten

- Gerontopsychologen:
 houden zich bezig met begeleiding van psychische klachten bij
ouderen.


1.1.2 Psychologie is geen psychiatrie (P4)

- Psychiater:
 Behandelt psychische stoornissen
 Patiënten met geestelijke “ziekte”
 Dokter
 Medische discipline of specialisatie

- Psycholoog:
 Kijken vanuit wetenschappelijke studie van menselijk gedrag (emoties,
denken,…)
 Effectieve psychopathische begeleiding
 Ze werken vaak samen

3

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