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Verpleegkundige methodiek en vaardigheden 2: Circulatie

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Verpleegkundige methodiek en vaardigheden 2: Circulatie

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  • September 5, 2022
  • 17
  • 2021/2022
  • Other
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Circulatie = bloedsomloop
Inleiding




1 Samenstelling van bloed
55% bloedplasma/ 45% vaste bestanddelen




1

,1.1 Vaste bloedbestanddelen




1.1.1 Hematopoëse




Aanmaak bloed:
Rode beenmerg (beenderen: vooral bekken, sternum, vertebrae en ribben)

1.1.2 Erytrocyten (RBC)
- Eigenschappen:
flexibele cel zonder kern, biconcaaf, membraan met antigenen, !
hemoglobine!
- Verantwoordelijk voor 99,9% van de bloedcellen
- Aanmaak:
Pluripotente stamcel -> Erytroblast -> reticulocyt -> Erytrocyt
Onder invloed van erytropoëtine (EPO)
- Afbraak:
Lever, milt, beenmerg  restproducten: aminozuren, biliburine, ijzer


2

, 1.1.3 Leukocyten (WBC)
- Lichaam verdedigen tegen binnendringende ziekteverwekkers
- Verwijderen uit weefsels: gifstoffen, afvalproducten en afwijkende/
beschadigde cellen
- Bloedbaan = transportmiddel
- Aanmaak in beenmerg:




- Functie: Afweer!
 Eosinofiel: parasitaire infecties, vernietigen kankercellen, verminderen
allergische reacties
 Basofiel: type-I allergische reacties
 Neutrofiel: fagocytose
 Monocyten: fagocytose, antigeenpresenterende cel
 Lymfocyt: cellulaire en humorale immuniteit (verschil maken tussen
lichaamseigen en lichaamsvreemde stoffen)

1.1.4 Trombocyten (= bloedplaatjes)
= initiëren stollingsproces + beschadigde bloedvaten afsluiten

- Aanmaak:
Pluripotente stamcel -> megakarycyt -> trombocyt
- Trombocyten spelen belangrijke rol bij !Hemostase!

1.1.4.1 Homeostase
= bloedstelping, de basis voor weefselherstel: een interactie tussen
bloedvatwand, trombocyten en stollingsfactoren.
Fasen van homeostase:
1. De primaire homeostase
- Trombocyten
- Collageen
- Von Willebrandfactor (vWF)
2. De secundaire homeostase
- Stollingscascade ontwikkeld
- netwerk van fibrinedraden
3. fibrinolyse


3

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