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Samenvatting Systeem aarde H1

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Samenvatting vanuit powerpoints en boek

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  • September 6, 2022
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 4
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Ons eiland in de ruimte

§1.1 Planeet aarde

Tijdschalen
 Ouderdom aarde geschat 4,6 miljard jaar
 Geologische tijdschaal

Opbouw van de aarde
 De aarde is opgebouwd uit bolschillen
 Van binnen naar buiten: steeds lichter en vrij abrupte overgang
- Kern —> binnenste , is vast
- Mantel —> middelste , binnenmantel is vast, buitenmantel is taai-
vloeibaar
- Korst —> dikte varieert
- 7 tot 10 km onder oceanen
- 30 tot 40 km onder de continenten
- Tot 70 km onder de gebergten
 Lithosfeer
- Gesteenten korst vaste buitenste deel mantel vormen lithosfeer
(100 – 150 km)
- Continentale korst uit graniet met soortgelijke massa 2,8
- Oceanische korst basalt met soortgelijke massa 3,0
- Continent lichter dan oceaanbodem, waardoor continent hoger ligt
 Asthenosfeer
- Onder lithosfeer ligt asthenosfeer = taai-vloeibaar gesteente
- Platen lithosfeer glijden over asthenosfeer
- Asfeer onder oceanen 100 tot 200 km dik
- Asfeer onder continenten 100 tot 500 km dik




§1.2 Drijvende continenten

Alfred Wegener
 In 1912 ontdekt hij dat continenten in elkaar passen
- Vinden fosielen aan beide kanten van planten en dieren
- Dieren konden niet zwemmen
- Sporen van gelijktijdige vergletsjering
- Rotsen die op elkaar aansluiten

Pangea
 Wegener formuleert theorie van continentverschuiving of
‘continental drift’
- Continenten bestaan uit licht gesteente
- Continenten drijven op iets min of meer vloeibaars

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