Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition Duderstadt Test Bank
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Pediatric Physical Examination An
Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition
Duderstadt Test Bank Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adole scents MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants a nd children. Which statement best
describes development in infants and children? a.Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at va rying rates within
normal limits.
b.Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
c.Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fi ne muscle development
occurring first.
d.Development is more easily and accurately measured than gr owth.
ANS: A Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the ba sis for increases in the childs function and complexity of behavior. The increases in ra te of function and complexity can vary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direc tion with fine muscle organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Develo pment is a more complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less eas ily and accurately measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods. 2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
a.Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
any delays or deficits.
b.Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of developme nt.
c.Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
d.Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring. WWW.NURSYLAB.COM ANS: C Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developm ental progress. Infants in a nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily ne ed stimulation specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orde rly and proceed in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and poten tials. 3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth an d development? a. Culture b. Environment c. Genetics d. Nutrition ANS: C Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals gr owth and developmental rate. Although factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which i s permanent. Culture is a significant factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Cult ure influences both growth and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences . Environment has a significant role in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manif ested, but environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical f or growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood. 4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. Accordi ng to Piagetian theory, the period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguis h fact from fantasy is the _____ period of cognitive development. a. sensorimotor WWW.NURSYLAB.COM b. formal operations c. concrete operations d. preoperational ANS: C Concrete operations is the period of cognitive developmen t in which childrens thinking is shifted from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop the ability to distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy and is a period of reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world become s more permanent and organized. The stage ends with the infant demonstrating som e evidence of reasoning. Formal operations is a period in development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts. Analytic reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a period of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated by magical thinking and animism. 5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need resolution is: a. Erikson. b. Freud. c. Kohlberg. d. Piaget. ANS: A Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts a ffected by social and cultural factors. Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emo tionally, with unsuccessful resolution leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Fre ud proposed a psychosexual theory of development in which certain parts of the bo dy assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawren ce Kohlberg described moral development as having three levels (preconventional, conve ntional, and postconventional). His WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
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