een korte samenvatting van CM, hiermee heb ik een 8,2 gehaald. Maak ook de oefententamens in blackboard naast het doornemen van de samenvatting en je zit helemaal goed saf.
Samenvatting CM
Contents
Zelfstudie 1............................................................................................................................................4
Thermo beweging drijft biologische interacties aan..........................................................................4
Biochemische interacties vinden plaats in waterige oplossingen......................................................4
Zwakke bindingen zijn van belang voor biochemische eigenschappen.............................................4
Hydrofobe moleculen klusteren samen.............................................................................................4
pH is een belangrijke parameter in biochemische systemen.............................................................4
De chemische componenten van de cel............................................................................................4
Zelfstudie 2............................................................................................................................................5
De primaire structuur: aminozuren worden met peptide bindingen aan elkaar gebonden en
vormen zo polypeptiden....................................................................................................................5
De secundaire structuur: polypeptiden kunnen vouwen tot regelmatige structuren........................5
De tertiaire structuur: water oplosbare eiwitten vouwen tot compacte structuren.........................5
De quaternaire structuur: meerdere polypeptiden kunnen samen één eiwit vormen......................5
De aminozuur sequence van een eiwit bepaalt de driedimensionale structuur................................5
Zelfstudie 3............................................................................................................................................7
Enzymen zijn krachtig en zeer specifiek.............................................................................................7
Veel enzymen hebben cofactoren nodig voor activiteit....................................................................7
Vrije Gibbs energie is een handige thermodynamische functie voor het begrijpen van enzymen....7
Enzymen faciliteren de formatie van de transitie status....................................................................7
Zelfstudie 4............................................................................................................................................8
Kinetica is een studie naar reactie snelheid.......................................................................................8
Het Michaelis-Menten model beschrijft kinetica van veel enzymen.................................................8
Zelfstudie 5............................................................................................................................................9
Allostere enzymen.............................................................................................................................9
Zelfstudie 6..........................................................................................................................................10
Fosfolipiden en glycolipiden vormen bimoleculaire sheets.............................................................10
Membraan vloeibaarheid wordt beïnvloedt door vetzuur compositie en cholesterol gehalte........10
Eiwitten voeren de meeste membraan processen uit.....................................................................10
Lipiden en veel membraan eiwitten diffuseren lateraal door het membraan.................................10
Een belangrijke rol van membraan eiwitten is om als transporter te functioneren.........................10
Zelfstudie 7..........................................................................................................................................12
Transport eiwitten...........................................................................................................................12
1
, Soorten transportproces..................................................................................................................12
Na+/K+-ATPase..................................................................................................................................12
Ion carriers.......................................................................................................................................12
Specificiteit......................................................................................................................................12
Zelfstudie 8..........................................................................................................................................13
De rol van ATP in het metabolisme..................................................................................................13
ATP als hulpstuf bij het uitvoeren van ongunstige reacties.............................................................13
Anabolisme = vormen......................................................................................................................13
Catabolisme = verbranden...............................................................................................................13
De glycolyse....................................................................................................................................13
Zelfstudie 9..........................................................................................................................................14
De Gluconeogenese.........................................................................................................................14
Glycogeen........................................................................................................................................14
Zelfstudie 10........................................................................................................................................15
NADPH.............................................................................................................................................15
Pentosefosfaatpad en andere NADPH bronnen...............................................................................15
De PPP en de glycolyse....................................................................................................................15
Zelfstudie 11........................................................................................................................................17
The citroenzuur cyclus bestaat uit twee stadia................................................................................17
Stadium 1 oxideert twee koolstof atomen om energie rijke elektronen te verzamelen..................17
Stadium 2 hermaakt oxaloacetaat en haalt energie rijke elektronen binnen..................................17
De Krebbs cyclus is gereguleerd......................................................................................................17
Zelfstudie 12........................................................................................................................................18
Oxidatieve fosforylering hangt af van elektronen verplaatsing.......................................................18
De ademhalingsketen bestaat uit protonen pompen en een fysieke link aan de citroenzuurcyclus
.........................................................................................................................................................18
ATP synthetase................................................................................................................................18
Zelfstudie 13........................................................................................................................................21
Ademhalingscontrole.......................................................................................................................21
Radicalen.........................................................................................................................................21
Zelfstudie 14........................................................................................................................................22
Vetzuren worden verwerkt in drie stappen.....................................................................................22
The degradatie van onverzadigde vetzuren en oneven-vetzuren vereist extra stappen.................22
Keton lichamen zijn een additionele brandstof, afgeleid van vetten...............................................22
Vetzuur synthese.............................................................................................................................22
Vetzuursynthese 2...........................................................................................................................24
2
, Vetzuursynthese 3...........................................................................................................................24
Zelfstudie 15........................................................................................................................................25
De afbraak van aminozuren.............................................................................................................25
De ureumcyclus...............................................................................................................................25
Het koolstofskelet............................................................................................................................26
Synthese van aminozuren................................................................................................................26
Zelfstudie 16........................................................................................................................................27
De verschillende brandstoffen voor verschillende weefsels............................................................27
De rol van de lever...........................................................................................................................27
Substraten voor gluconeogenese....................................................................................................27
3
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