A summary of the second half of the course the Americas III. The time period of and it is mainly about the "making" of America are vital to the French & Indian War and of course the American Revolution.
Summary the Americas III Final
Exam
1 MAIN THEMES (FORGING BRITISH AMERICA 1700
– 1800)
- Week 11: The Anglicization of America: Making America loyal,
protestant and British
- Week 12: An American Revolution or a British Revolution in America?
From Taxation to Liberty
- Week 13: The Primacy of Print Culture
- Week 14: Revolutionary Republic: Inventing the Rights of Man
- Week 15: E Pluribus Unum: The Constitution and Rise of Party Politics
1.1 EXAM INFORMATION
- Written exam
- 3 hours
- 2 parts
2 synthetic essays in which the student makes insightful
connections between a range of historical events, sources, concepts
and ideas.
Understand the big picture with connections between the
different subjects, basically explaining the Spanish, French,
English and the Dutch colonies and their connections and
differences
1.2 STUDY STRATEGY
- RESEARCH FACTS ON AUTHORS AND TEXTS ON WIKIPEDIA
- MAKE STUDY QUESTIONS ON NESTOR
- Read notes from seminars + slides from lectures
- Read LEP chapters partially + read primary source texts partially
- Make a summary from week 11 to week 15
Main historical events of the periods (mention dates)
Texts analysis’s of primary sources (mention quotes)
1.3 LIBERTY, EQUALITY & POWER
- Relevant chapters in LEP: 4, 5, 6 & 7
- Relevant primary sources of weeks 11 – 15
Final Exam
, - Focus not just on American but also on European history (as the two are
interlinked)
Key to Americas III course!
2 WEEK 11: THE ANGLICIZATION OF
AMERICA: MAKING AMERICA LOYAL,
PROTESTANT AND BRITISH
This week’s seminar will focus on the Anglicization of America; territorial
expansion, immigration and regional differences; political cultures; imperial
rivalries; the war for North America.
2.1 LECTURE
Not present at lecture, notes from fellow student
French and Indian War / Seven Years’ War (1754 – 1763)
- Consequences of the Seven Years’ War for the colonies, the war impacts
the structure of the colonies in a major way
- The French claims to the heart of the continent (often merely claims on
paper) get swept up in the aftermath of the war
East of Mississippi becomes British territory
West of Mississippi becomes expansion of New Spain
- The Native Americans who lived along the borders (frontier) of these zones
no longer had the French to play out against the British and the Spanish
Now have to work with British officials
- Relationship between the colonists and the British government also
changes
Land speculation (?)
- British government now wants to prevent the Americans from moving
further west, in order to prevent conflict and a possible Anglo-Indian War
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Cherokee War
(RESEARCH)
Central Questions
- What does it mean to be British and what does it mean to be American?
- The war is a grand victory for all the British subjects everywhere, but many
questions arise:
Who is going to pay for the expenses of the war? (colonies)
Who is going to be in charge? (British government)
To who does the victory really belong? (only to British subject living in
England)
, - What is the relationship between Britain and the colonies is the central
question after the War
This un-clarity would spark future conflict
See mail for extra documents / information on Week 11
2.2 SEMINAR
Anglicization
Jon Butler - “Enthusiasm Described and Decried: The Great Awakening
as Interpretative Fiction”
- Text on religious revivements during “Great Awakening” offer personal
accounts on the spread of Angelical Evangelism throughout the United
States in the 19th (?) century
Not a seminar subject, focus on texts yourself!
(RESEARCH)
- Started in Britain and spread to the New World effecting protestants
Exception of Baptists
“French Constitution designed to protect the state from the church, while the
American constitution was designed to protect the church from the state”
- “Great Awakening” not went to Catholics since they were enemies of the
US
People immigrated to the US in the first place to escape Catholicism
Also from the Church of England which took to little distance from
Catholicism
Also Irish Catholics as they massively immigrated to the US
(“infiltrating” and thus neglected in society)
- “Not slaves getting poisonous snakes out of the swamplands, they were
too expensive, instead they used the Irish”
Some argue that the Irish went through more hardships than the
Africans
Despotism (?) despised by American settlers
See Americas I or II for more information on “Great Awakening”
French and Indian War (1754 – 1763)
- More important, focus of the seminar
- From 1754 to 1760 in continental North America (fighting went on in
Europe till 1763)
- See map of New France around 1750 for the areas from Spanish, French
and English colonizers
- Important War to start the later War of Independence / American
Revolutionary War
, Anderson – “The War that Made America”
- France in the middle, the great lakes > Britain in the east > and Spain in
the South
The war basically got rid of the French (second largest power next to
Britain) which gave the colonies the courage to fight against the British
as they now had only one enemy left
New France British colonies
Catholic * Protestant
Centralized rule * Private / individual limited self-
government
Indian trade * Single trade commerce
Jesuit conversion * Transatlantic settlement
- Two vastly different ideologies
- Population
New France: 55,000
British colonies: 1,1 million + 250.000 slaves and a high growth rate
- Actually four French and Indian Wars
- Known in Europe as the Seven Years’ War
Some claim this to be the first World War
Around 1 million deaths
- Tensions were building up and eventually exploded
- Orderly type of war as large groups would line up against each other with
muskets and artillery
Squadrons
- Indians were used in the mountains (Appalachees) to do fighting and
scouting in the unknown terrain
A prima goal of both sides was to get the Indians on their side
“Indian affairs with treaties, pipe smoking, gifts to get them
aboard”
- The Iroquois / “people of the longhouses” were an association of multiple
tribes in North America
1650: Five Nations
1720: Six Nations
- Divided loyalties
Early on Iroquois made peace with the French and took a neutral
position between the French and English
This stopped in 1754 with the war, Mohacs sided with the British and S .
. . sided with the French
- Struggle over control over Ohio / Mississippi valley > control of the
Appalachian hinterland
- Why Virginia? (RESEARCH)
The 1609 charter for Virginia colony (“from sea to sea, from west to
northwest”)
Around 80 % of America was covered in that treaty
Most powerful province
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