A2 Unit F965 - Historical Interpretations and Investigations
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How Far had Opposition and discrimination to AA remained the same throughout the period
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A2 Unit F965 - Historical Interpretations and Investigations
Institution
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This is a fantastic document questioning how far opposition and discrimination to African Americans had remained the same, including the extent to which they had remained just as violent as well as the extent to which the causes of opposition had persisted throughout the period.
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A2 Unit F965 - Historical Interpretations and Investigations
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How Far had Opposition and discrimination to AA remained the same throughout the period
1865-1992
Social
Opposition did remain the same clear that throughout the whole period there were
Lynching’s and murders and violent opposition
Lynching’s remained prevalent with there never being an anti-lynching law even to
this day. Indeed between 1880-90 on average 2 people were lynched per weak,
however until 1918 not a single person was persecuted for their involvement in
these lynching’s. until 1899 there were 2500 lynchings.
Between 1880 and 1930 southern lynch mobs summarily executed 3320 blacks.
Furthermore, violence was not just limited to the south. There were plenty of violent
outbreaks in the north usually prompted by perceptions of AAs being an economic
threat. For example, the Chicago race riots of 1919 occurred in the context of white
Americans returning home from the war unable to find jobs and blaming the AA who
had migrated to the north during the war.
The Detroit race riots of 1943 occurred at a time of increased African American
migration to the north during the second world war.
There was significant white opposition to any attempts by African Americans to
change their situation. For example, there violent reactions to the freedom Rides
1961, whereby many white Americans had set their bus on fire.
Bombing of black church after the march on Washington in September 1963 that had
killed 3 children.
Additionally, lynching’s although not to the extent of the 1880-1930, were still being
undergone all the way until the end of the period evident by the murder of Emit Till
in 1955 and the murder of Hattie Caroll in 1963 whereby in both cases none of the
murderers were convicted. Additionally, there was the murder of Michael Donald in
1981 by three KKK members and the beating of Rodney king by the police in 1991.
Therefore, this proves that violent African American discrimination and opposition
remained even in its most abhorrent form remained all the way to the end of the
period.
However:
Opposition for the most part of the 20th the century was now based on segregation:
Jim Crow discrimination and segregation of black people that was commenced
somewhat during the Black Codes and was imbedded through the Plessy Vs
Ferguson SC ruling in 1896 that enforced the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’
indicating that segregation was very much constitutional and legal.
There was also a significant change in attitude of the supreme court in the 50s that
was seen to be much more liberal in what is known as the ‘Warren court’ this
resulted in many successes for the AA cause and the NAACP
This includes Brown vs Board of Education which ruled that segregation was
unconstitutional.
However, although the SC was no longer hostile to integration the ruling was met
with determined resistance by a white southern population still overtly opposed to
the notion of interracial integration
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