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Samenvatting alles van van gen naar eiwit van moleculaire genetica $6.43
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Samenvatting alles van van gen naar eiwit van moleculaire genetica

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alles van van gen naar eiwit van moleculaire genetica (deel 1)

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  • September 11, 2022
  • 26
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Moleculaire genetica 2021-2022


Deel 1: Van gen naar eiwit
1 Structuur van de erfelijkheidscode
1.1 DNA
Mens is opgebouwd uit enorm veel cellen (elke cel bevat ons volledig genoom)



1.1.1 Chromosomen en chromatine
Chromosomen: 46 moleculen → 23 paren

Delingschromosomen = X-afbeelding die gebruikt wordt → komen enkel
zo voor net voor de mitosa, want bevatten dubbele hoeveelheid DNA.

Centromeer = plaats waar 2 chromatiden aan elkaar zijn gehecht

Telomeer = uiteinde van chromatiden



Histonen = positief geladen kernEW gedraaid rondom DNA → heel
compact opgebonden want histonen = pos geladen en DNA = neg geladen



1.1.2 Karyogram van de mens
44 autosomen + 2 geschtschomosomen: Y en X



→ Down-syndroom = 2 exemplaren op 21




Ordeningscriteria
• Lengte chromosoom (hoe groter, hoe lager genummerd)
• Plaats centromeer: metacentrisch (centromeer i/h midden) – submetacentrisch (armen niet even lang)
– acrocentrisch (hele kleine korte arm)
• Korte arm = p
Xp21
• Lange arm = q

Heterochromatine = donkere stoken, inactief DNA

Euchromatine = lichtere stroken, bevat coderende info

Bv: chromosoom 7 van de lange arm, zone 3 van de band 6 → 7q36




1

, Moleculaire genetica 2021-2022


1.1.3 Bouwstenen: nucleotiden
Binding base-suiker = beta-
glycosidische binding

Binding base+suiker-fosfaatgroep
= fosfor-ester binding

Binding tussen fosfaatgroepen =
fosfoanhydride binding




4 basen:
1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Cytosine
4. Thymine



1.1.4 Fosfordiësterbinding
= fosfaatgroep op 5’ verbonden met 3’ hydroxylgroep

Door DNA-polymerase (=enzym) mogenlijk



1.1.5 Structuur van het DNA
Wordt altijd verder opgebouwd op 3’ kant

Dus ALTIJD: 5’ is fosfaat-groep & 3’ is OH-groep




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