Created by an A* student - used to understand the role of individuals in the 1905 Revolution. Useful for understanding the textbook, for source questions (Gapon's background could be used for provenance) and for essay questions.
The fact files are created using many resources and are a summary ...
Background
- his wife died in 1898
- His parents were Cossacks (peasants)
- His parents were also religious
- 1902 He moved to St Petersburg after becoming a
priest
St Petersburg and Assembly
- Preached in workers’ districts
- Workers were living in poor conditions and worked
long hours
- No health and safety regulations
- Trade unions were resisted
- Organised the Assembly of Russian Factory and
Mill Workers = existed to defend workers’ rights and
to improve their religious status
- Secretly controlled by the Okhrana, to get
information on factory workers and prevent
revolutionaries from joining
- The Assembly was a trade union made with the
permission of the Minister of Interior
- Able to express grievances
- Had 12 branches and 8000 members
- 1904 the organisation became more radical
Bloody Sunday
- March and petition (drafted) organised by Father Gapon
- People were carrying religious symbols, pictures of Nicholas and petitions
- Took advice from the Union of Liberation and Gapon grew his socialist beliefs
- Petition that asked for working day to be cut to 8 hours, right to strike and for election of
assembly by secret ballot and universal suffrage (social and political reforms)
- Gapon called on workers to take action against the regime
- Urged rival groups: the SRs, Mensheviks and Bolsheviks to unite and overthrow tsarism
- Gapon cried out, ‘There is no God anymore, there is no Tsar’
• He was a priest
• Unlike the recent use of religion (Russian orthodoxy) to create support for the Tsar
• Delegitimised the Tsar
• He was concerned about the lives of the workers
Controversies
- he fled the country whilst a wave of strikes was happening
- He got into trouble with the church for gambling and drinking - was he really a churchman?
- 1906 he was hanged after revealing his connections to the Okhrana by the SRs
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