● ‘Symbolic interaction’ refers to the distinctive character of interaction between humans
○ humans respond to each other not simply by reacting to set acts (as
animals do), but rather they define the acts of others
■ this response is equivalent to inserting a process of
interpretation between stimulus and response
○ G.H. Mead grasped this well.
■ he saw that the human being has a self, and hence can
act towards and interpret himself as he interprets others
● Mead saw this as the central mechanism
through which humans face and deal with their worlds
● this allows humans to indicate to
themselves features of their surroundings, and hence guide their actions
based on changing circumstances
○ in the case of
interpreting action, this means indicating to oneself that another
person’s action has a particular meaning
○ indications allow the
objects around us to by dynamic, and partially constructed
○ it also allows our own
action to be part of a process of self-indication, rather than
singular
■ external stimuli, organic drives, environmental pressures
etc do not explain or cover the process of self-identification
● The formation of action by the individual through a process of self-indication always
takes place in a social context
○ group action is the fitting together of individual lines of action; with each
individual aligning his action to the action of others via an interpretation of the meaning
of their acts
■ to do this, the individual takes the role of others (incl.
groups of others) to ascertain their intention
● Orthodox sociology doesn’t treat human societies in this way, as composed of individual
interpretation/action/interaction:
○ instead humans are seen as organisms that respond to certain forces that
play upon them:
■ social system/structure, culture, status position, social
role, custom, institution, social norm, values etc
■ it is assumed that the behaviour of individuals is an
expression of the play of such forces
● this ignores the fact that humans have
selves, make indications to themselves, and interpret
■ if a place is given to interpretation at all it is in factors
such as motive that precede the act
○ for symbolic interactionists, social action is lodged in the collective
action and interpretations of a group of individuals
■ for other sociologists, social action is lodged in the
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller patrickfleming. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.53. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.