Chapter 4, 1b (the carbon & water cycles are systems with inputs, outputs & stores)
September 13, 2022
2
2021/2022
Summary
Subjects
geography
a level geography
ocr
ocr geography
elss
year 12
year 13
sixth form
carbon
water
inputs
outputs
stores
earths life support systems
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1.2. How important are water and carbon to life on Earth?
1b. The carbon & water cycles are systems with inputs, outputs & stores .
Size (km3 x 103) % of global water Distribution of water in the st
Store The oceans store the most a
Oceans 1,370,000 97 10^3) while the biosphere st
Polar ice and glaciers 29,000 2 10^3. Lakes store nearly dou
Groundwater (aquifers) 9,500 0.7 soils.
Lakes 125 0.01
Soils 65 0.005 Are stores of water evenly dis
Atmosphere 13 0.001 No, < 10 countries poss
Rivers 1.7 0.0001 freshwater supply
Biosphere 0.6 0.00004 30% of all freshwater is sto
Carbon sequestration: forming vast underground
Distribution of carbon in the stores (in billions of tonnes): (big –
A carbon sink is anything that removes CO2 from the atmosphere & storesit,These
smallest)
aquifers
in a process mostascom
known car
which are porous
There are 2 major carbon sinks in the world – plants & oceans, & each has historically sucked&about
perme ¼
1. Lithosphere (sedimentary rocks) = 60,000 – 100,000,000, fossil fuels Africa & South America h
the atmosphere & stored it
= 4130 (99.9%) densities
How
2. does =vegetation
Oceans 38,700 absorb carbon? Caspian Sea is the largest la
Leaves absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, where
3. Biomass (land plants) = 560, soils/peat = 2300 the sun’s energy is used to separate the oxygen which
America has a range of reli
atmosphere &= the
4. Atmosphere 600 carbon, which it stores - ½ of the tree is made up of carbon
Australia – lack of water
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